diff --git a/packages/application/src/__tests__/allocation-chargeability.test.ts b/packages/application/src/__tests__/allocation-chargeability.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d12601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/application/src/__tests__/allocation-chargeability.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+  isChargeabilityActualBooking,
+  isChargeabilityRelevantProject,
+  isImportedTbdDraftProject,
+} from "../use-cases/allocation/chargeability-bookings.js";
+
+type ProjectLike = {
+  status: string;
+  dynamicFields: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+};
+
+type BookingLike = {
+  status: string;
+  project: ProjectLike;
+};
+
+describe("isImportedTbdDraftProject", () => {
+  it("returns true for a DRAFT project with dispoImport.isTbd=true", () => {
+    const project: ProjectLike = {
+      status: "DRAFT",
+      dynamicFields: { dispoImport: { isTbd: true } },
+    };
+    expect(isImportedTbdDraftProject(project as never)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false for a DRAFT project without the isTbd flag", () => {
+    const project: ProjectLike = {
+      status: "DRAFT",
+      dynamicFields: { dispoImport: { isTbd: false } },
+    };
+    expect(isImportedTbdDraftProject(project as never)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false for a non-DRAFT project even with isTbd=true", () => {
+    const project: ProjectLike = {
+      status: "ACTIVE",
+      dynamicFields: { dispoImport: { isTbd: true } },
+    };
+    expect(isImportedTbdDraftProject(project as never)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false when dynamicFields is null", () => {
+    const project: ProjectLike = { status: "DRAFT", dynamicFields: null };
+    expect(isImportedTbdDraftProject(project as never)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("isChargeabilityRelevantProject", () => {
+  it("returns true for ACTIVE projects regardless of includeProposed", () => {
+    const project: ProjectLike = { status: "ACTIVE", dynamicFields: null };
+    expect(isChargeabilityRelevantProject(project as never, false)).toBe(true);
+    expect(isChargeabilityRelevantProject(project as never, true)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false for CANCELLED projects", () => {
+    const project: ProjectLike = { status: "CANCELLED", dynamicFields: null };
+    expect(isChargeabilityRelevantProject(project as never, true)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("returns true for a TBD DRAFT project when includeProposed=true", () => {
+    const project: ProjectLike = {
+      status: "DRAFT",
+      dynamicFields: { dispoImport: { isTbd: true } },
+    };
+    expect(isChargeabilityRelevantProject(project as never, true)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false for a TBD DRAFT project when includeProposed=false", () => {
+    const project: ProjectLike = {
+      status: "DRAFT",
+      dynamicFields: { dispoImport: { isTbd: true } },
+    };
+    expect(isChargeabilityRelevantProject(project as never, false)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("isChargeabilityActualBooking", () => {
+  const activeProject: ProjectLike = { status: "ACTIVE", dynamicFields: null };
+  const cancelledProject: ProjectLike = { status: "CANCELLED", dynamicFields: null };
+
+  it("returns true for a CONFIRMED booking on an ACTIVE project", () => {
+    const booking: BookingLike = { status: "CONFIRMED", project: activeProject };
+    expect(isChargeabilityActualBooking(booking as never, false)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns true for an ACTIVE booking on an ACTIVE project", () => {
+    const booking: BookingLike = { status: "ACTIVE", project: activeProject };
+    expect(isChargeabilityActualBooking(booking as never, false)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("includes PROPOSED bookings only when includeProposed=true", () => {
+    const booking: BookingLike = { status: "PROPOSED", project: activeProject };
+    expect(isChargeabilityActualBooking(booking as never, false)).toBe(false);
+    expect(isChargeabilityActualBooking(booking as never, true)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false for any booking on a CANCELLED project", () => {
+    const booking: BookingLike = { status: "CONFIRMED", project: cancelledProject };
+    expect(isChargeabilityActualBooking(booking as never, true)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/application/src/__tests__/estimate-operations.test.ts b/packages/application/src/__tests__/estimate-operations.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9961e3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/application/src/__tests__/estimate-operations.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { createEstimate } from "../use-cases/estimate/create-estimate.js";
+import { cloneEstimate } from "../use-cases/estimate/clone-estimate.js";
+import { listEstimates } from "../use-cases/estimate/list-estimates.js";
+import {
+  submitEstimateVersion,
+  approveEstimateVersion,
+  createEstimateRevision,
+} from "../use-cases/estimate/version-actions.js";
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Shared fixtures
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const BASE_VERSION = {
+  id: "ver_1",
+  estimateId: "est_1",
+  versionNumber: 1,
+  label: "v1",
+  status: "WORKING",
+  lockedAt: null,
+  notes: null,
+  projectSnapshot: {},
+  createdAt: new Date("2026-01-01"),
+  updatedAt: new Date("2026-01-01"),
+  assumptions: [],
+  scopeItems: [],
+  demandLines: [],
+  resourceSnapshots: [],
+  metrics: [],
+  exports: [],
+};
+
+const BASE_ESTIMATE = {
+  id: "est_1",
+  name: "Test Estimate",
+  projectId: "proj_1",
+  opportunityId: null,
+  baseCurrency: "USD",
+  status: "DRAFT",
+  latestVersionNumber: 1,
+  createdAt: new Date("2026-01-01"),
+  updatedAt: new Date("2026-01-01"),
+  project: {
+    id: "proj_1",
+    shortCode: "TP",
+    name: "Test Project",
+    status: "ACTIVE",
+    startDate: new Date(),
+    endDate: new Date(),
+  },
+  versions: [BASE_VERSION],
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// createEstimate
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe("createEstimate", () => {
+  function makeDb(createdEstimate = BASE_ESTIMATE) {
+    return {
+      project: {
+        findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+          id: "proj_1",
+          shortCode: "TP",
+          name: "Test Project",
+          status: "ACTIVE",
+          startDate: new Date("2026-01-01"),
+          endDate: new Date("2026-12-31"),
+          orderType: "FIXED",
+          allocationType: "FULL",
+          winProbability: null,
+          budgetCents: null,
+          responsiblePerson: null,
+        }),
+      },
+      estimate: {
+        create: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(createdEstimate),
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  const minimalInput = {
+    projectId: "proj_1",
+    name: "My Estimate",
+    baseCurrency: "USD",
+    status: "DRAFT" as const,
+    assumptions: [],
+    scopeItems: [],
+    demandLines: [],
+    resourceSnapshots: [],
+    metrics: [],
+  };
+
+  it("creates an estimate and returns the full detail object", async () => {
+    const db = makeDb();
+    const result = await createEstimate(db as never, minimalInput);
+
+    expect(db.estimate.create).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(result.id).toBe("est_1");
+    expect(result.name).toBe("Test Estimate");
+  });
+
+  it("passes projectId to the estimate.create call", async () => {
+    const db = makeDb();
+    await createEstimate(db as never, minimalInput);
+
+    const createData = db.estimate.create.mock.calls[0][0].data;
+    expect(createData.projectId).toBe("proj_1");
+  });
+
+  it("returns an estimate when no projectId is provided", async () => {
+    const db = makeDb({ ...BASE_ESTIMATE, projectId: null as never, project: null as never });
+    db.project.findUnique.mockResolvedValue(null);
+    const inputWithoutProject = { ...minimalInput, projectId: undefined };
+    const result = await createEstimate(db as never, inputWithoutProject);
+
+    expect(result).toBeDefined();
+    expect(db.estimate.create).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// cloneEstimate
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe("cloneEstimate", () => {
+  const SOURCE_VERSION = {
+    ...BASE_VERSION,
+    id: "ver_src",
+    status: "WORKING",
+    lockedAt: new Date("2026-01-15"),
+  };
+
+  const SOURCE_ESTIMATE = {
+    ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+    id: "est_src",
+    name: "Original",
+    versions: [SOURCE_VERSION],
+  };
+
+  const CLONED_ESTIMATE = {
+    ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+    id: "est_clone",
+    name: "Copy of Original",
+    status: "DRAFT",
+  };
+
+  function makeDb(source = SOURCE_ESTIMATE as typeof SOURCE_ESTIMATE | null) {
+    return {
+      project: {
+        findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+          id: "proj_1",
+          shortCode: "TP",
+          name: "Test Project",
+          status: "ACTIVE",
+          startDate: new Date("2026-01-01"),
+          endDate: new Date("2026-12-31"),
+          orderType: "FIXED",
+          allocationType: "FULL",
+          winProbability: null,
+          budgetCents: null,
+          responsiblePerson: null,
+        }),
+      },
+      estimate: {
+        findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(source),
+        create: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(CLONED_ESTIMATE),
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  it("clones an estimate with a default name", async () => {
+    const db = makeDb();
+    const result = await cloneEstimate(db as never, { sourceEstimateId: "est_src" });
+
+    expect(db.estimate.create).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    const createData = db.estimate.create.mock.calls[0][0].data;
+    expect(createData.name).toBe("Copy of Original");
+    expect(result.id).toBe("est_clone");
+  });
+
+  it("uses the provided name override", async () => {
+    const db = makeDb();
+    await cloneEstimate(db as never, { sourceEstimateId: "est_src", name: "Custom Clone" });
+
+    const createData = db.estimate.create.mock.calls[0][0].data;
+    expect(createData.name).toBe("Custom Clone");
+  });
+
+  it("throws when the source estimate does not exist", async () => {
+    const db = makeDb(null);
+    await expect(cloneEstimate(db as never, { sourceEstimateId: "nonexistent" })).rejects.toThrow(
+      "Source estimate not found",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("throws when the source estimate has no versions", async () => {
+    const db = makeDb({ ...SOURCE_ESTIMATE, versions: [] });
+    await expect(cloneEstimate(db as never, { sourceEstimateId: "est_src" })).rejects.toThrow(
+      "Source estimate has no versions",
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// listEstimates
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe("listEstimates", () => {
+  const LIST_ITEMS = [
+    {
+      ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+      project: { id: "proj_1", shortCode: "TP", name: "Test Project", status: "ACTIVE" },
+      versions: [
+        { id: "ver_1", versionNumber: 1, label: "v1", status: "WORKING", updatedAt: new Date() },
+      ],
+    },
+  ];
+
+  function makeDb(items = LIST_ITEMS) {
+    return {
+      estimate: {
+        findMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(items),
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  it("returns all estimates when no filters are given", async () => {
+    const db = makeDb();
+    const result = await listEstimates(db as never);
+
+    expect(db.estimate.findMany).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("returns an empty array when there are no estimates", async () => {
+    const db = makeDb([]);
+    const result = await listEstimates(db as never, {});
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(0);
+  });
+
+  it("passes projectId filter to findMany", async () => {
+    const db = makeDb();
+    await listEstimates(db as never, { projectId: "proj_1" });
+
+    const where = db.estimate.findMany.mock.calls[0][0].where;
+    expect(where.projectId).toBe("proj_1");
+  });
+
+  it("passes status filter to findMany", async () => {
+    const db = makeDb([]);
+    await listEstimates(db as never, { status: "APPROVED" as never });
+
+    const where = db.estimate.findMany.mock.calls[0][0].where;
+    expect(where.status).toBe("APPROVED");
+  });
+
+  it("builds an OR query when a search query is provided", async () => {
+    const db = makeDb();
+    await listEstimates(db as never, { query: "alpha" });
+
+    const where = db.estimate.findMany.mock.calls[0][0].where;
+    expect(where.OR).toBeDefined();
+    expect(where.OR).toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// submitEstimateVersion
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe("submitEstimateVersion", () => {
+  function makeTransactionDb(
+    estimateBeforeUpdate = BASE_ESTIMATE,
+    estimateAfterUpdate = BASE_ESTIMATE,
+  ) {
+    const txMock = {
+      estimateVersion: {
+        updateMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+        update: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+      },
+      estimate: {
+        update: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+      },
+    };
+
+    return {
+      estimate: {
+        findUnique: vi
+          .fn()
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce(estimateBeforeUpdate)
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce(estimateAfterUpdate),
+      },
+      $transaction: vi
+        .fn()
+        .mockImplementation((cb: (tx: typeof txMock) => Promise<void>) => cb(txMock)),
+    };
+  }
+
+  const WORKING_ESTIMATE = {
+    ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+    versions: [{ ...BASE_VERSION, status: "WORKING" }],
+  };
+
+  const SUBMITTED_ESTIMATE = {
+    ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+    status: "IN_REVIEW",
+    versions: [{ ...BASE_VERSION, status: "SUBMITTED" }],
+  };
+
+  it("transitions a WORKING version to SUBMITTED and returns updated estimate", async () => {
+    const db = makeTransactionDb(WORKING_ESTIMATE, SUBMITTED_ESTIMATE);
+    const result = await submitEstimateVersion(db as never, { estimateId: "est_1" });
+
+    expect(db.$transaction).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(result.status).toBe("IN_REVIEW");
+  });
+
+  it("throws when the estimate does not exist", async () => {
+    const db = {
+      estimate: { findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) },
+      $transaction: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    await expect(submitEstimateVersion(db as never, { estimateId: "nonexistent" })).rejects.toThrow(
+      "Estimate not found",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("throws when there is no WORKING version", async () => {
+    const estimateNoWorking = {
+      ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+      versions: [{ ...BASE_VERSION, status: "SUBMITTED" }],
+    };
+    const db = {
+      estimate: { findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(estimateNoWorking) },
+      $transaction: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    await expect(submitEstimateVersion(db as never, { estimateId: "est_1" })).rejects.toThrow(
+      "Estimate has no working version",
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// approveEstimateVersion
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe("approveEstimateVersion", () => {
+  function makeTransactionDb(
+    estimateBeforeUpdate = BASE_ESTIMATE,
+    estimateAfterUpdate = BASE_ESTIMATE,
+  ) {
+    const txMock = {
+      estimateVersion: {
+        updateMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+        update: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+      },
+      estimate: {
+        update: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+      },
+    };
+
+    return {
+      estimate: {
+        findUnique: vi
+          .fn()
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce(estimateBeforeUpdate)
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce(estimateAfterUpdate),
+      },
+      $transaction: vi
+        .fn()
+        .mockImplementation((cb: (tx: typeof txMock) => Promise<void>) => cb(txMock)),
+    };
+  }
+
+  const SUBMITTED_ESTIMATE = {
+    ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+    status: "IN_REVIEW",
+    versions: [{ ...BASE_VERSION, status: "SUBMITTED", lockedAt: new Date("2026-01-10") }],
+  };
+
+  const APPROVED_ESTIMATE = {
+    ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+    status: "APPROVED",
+    versions: [{ ...BASE_VERSION, status: "APPROVED", lockedAt: new Date("2026-01-10") }],
+  };
+
+  it("transitions a SUBMITTED version to APPROVED and returns updated estimate", async () => {
+    const db = makeTransactionDb(SUBMITTED_ESTIMATE, APPROVED_ESTIMATE);
+    const result = await approveEstimateVersion(db as never, { estimateId: "est_1" });
+
+    expect(db.$transaction).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(result.status).toBe("APPROVED");
+  });
+
+  it("throws when the estimate does not exist", async () => {
+    const db = {
+      estimate: { findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) },
+      $transaction: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    await expect(
+      approveEstimateVersion(db as never, { estimateId: "nonexistent" }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow("Estimate not found");
+  });
+
+  it("throws when there is no SUBMITTED version", async () => {
+    const estimateNoSubmitted = {
+      ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+      versions: [{ ...BASE_VERSION, status: "WORKING" }],
+    };
+    const db = {
+      estimate: { findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(estimateNoSubmitted) },
+      $transaction: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    await expect(approveEstimateVersion(db as never, { estimateId: "est_1" })).rejects.toThrow(
+      "Estimate has no submitted version",
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// createEstimateRevision
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe("createEstimateRevision", () => {
+  function makeTransactionDb(
+    estimateBeforeUpdate = BASE_ESTIMATE,
+    estimateAfterUpdate = BASE_ESTIMATE,
+  ) {
+    const txMock = {
+      estimateVersion: {
+        create: vi
+          .fn()
+          .mockResolvedValue({
+            id: "ver_new",
+            ...BASE_VERSION,
+            versionNumber: 2,
+            status: "WORKING",
+          }),
+      },
+      estimateAssumption: { createMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}) },
+      scopeItem: { create: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: "scope_new" }) },
+      estimateDemandLine: { createMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}) },
+      resourceCostSnapshot: { createMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}) },
+      estimateMetric: { createMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}) },
+      estimate: { update: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}) },
+    };
+
+    return {
+      estimate: {
+        findUnique: vi
+          .fn()
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce(estimateBeforeUpdate)
+          .mockResolvedValueOnce(estimateAfterUpdate),
+      },
+      $transaction: vi
+        .fn()
+        .mockImplementation((cb: (tx: typeof txMock) => Promise<void>) => cb(txMock)),
+    };
+  }
+
+  const LOCKED_VERSION = {
+    ...BASE_VERSION,
+    id: "ver_locked",
+    status: "SUBMITTED",
+    lockedAt: new Date("2026-01-10"),
+    assumptions: [],
+    scopeItems: [],
+    demandLines: [],
+    resourceSnapshots: [],
+    metrics: [],
+    projectSnapshot: {},
+  };
+
+  const APPROVED_ESTIMATE = {
+    ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+    status: "APPROVED",
+    latestVersionNumber: 1,
+    versions: [LOCKED_VERSION],
+  };
+
+  const REVISED_ESTIMATE = {
+    ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+    status: "DRAFT",
+    latestVersionNumber: 2,
+    versions: [
+      { ...BASE_VERSION, id: "ver_new", versionNumber: 2, status: "WORKING" },
+      LOCKED_VERSION,
+    ],
+  };
+
+  it("creates a new WORKING revision from a locked version", async () => {
+    const db = makeTransactionDb(APPROVED_ESTIMATE, REVISED_ESTIMATE);
+    const result = await createEstimateRevision(db as never, { estimateId: "est_1" });
+
+    expect(db.$transaction).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
+    expect(result.latestVersionNumber).toBe(2);
+    expect(result.status).toBe("DRAFT");
+  });
+
+  it("throws when the estimate does not exist", async () => {
+    const db = {
+      estimate: { findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(null) },
+      $transaction: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    await expect(
+      createEstimateRevision(db as never, { estimateId: "nonexistent" }),
+    ).rejects.toThrow("Estimate not found");
+  });
+
+  it("throws when a WORKING version already exists", async () => {
+    const db = {
+      estimate: {
+        findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+          ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+          versions: [{ ...BASE_VERSION, status: "WORKING" }],
+        }),
+      },
+      $transaction: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    await expect(createEstimateRevision(db as never, { estimateId: "est_1" })).rejects.toThrow(
+      "Estimate already has a working version",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("throws when there is no locked version to revise", async () => {
+    const db = {
+      estimate: {
+        findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+          ...BASE_ESTIMATE,
+          versions: [],
+        }),
+      },
+      $transaction: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    await expect(createEstimateRevision(db as never, { estimateId: "est_1" })).rejects.toThrow(
+      "Estimate has no locked version to revise",
+    );
+  });
+});