security: RBAC cache cross-instance invalidation + force re-login on role/perm change (#57)

- shrink roleDefaults cache TTL from 60s to 10s (safety-net staleness bound)
- publish/subscribe on capakraken:rbac-invalidate so peer instances drop
  their local role-defaults cache on mutation (ioredis pub/sub; lazy init
  so idle test files don't open connections)
- after updateUserRole/setUserPermissions/resetUserPermissions: delete
  all ActiveSession rows for that user so the next request re-auths via
  tRPC's jti check, and invalidate the role-defaults cache
- tests: peer-instance invalidation via FakeRedis pub/sub fan-out; mutation
  side-effects assert session deletion + cache invalidation on each path

Without this, demoted admins kept their JWT valid until expiry and peer
instances kept serving stale role defaults for up to the TTL window.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>

apps/web/src/app/api/trpc/[trpc]/route.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { createTRPCContext, loadRoleDefaults } from "@capakraken/api";
 import { appRouter } from "@capakraken/api/router";
 import { prisma } from "@capakraken/db";
 import { fetchRequestHandler } from "@trpc/server/adapters/fetch";
+import { getToken } from "next-auth/jwt";
 import type { NextRequest } from "next/server";
 import { auth } from "~/server/auth.js";
 
@@ -42,9 +43,19 @@ const handler = async (req: NextRequest) => {
   // Sessions kicked by concurrent-session limits or manual logout are rejected immediately.
   // Fail-open: if the table doesn't exist yet (pending migration) the check is skipped.
   // In E2E test mode the jwt callback skips registration, so skip validation too.
+  //
+  // We decode the JWT directly (not session.user.jti) because the session
+  // token is client-visible and therefore must not carry internal
+  // session-revocation identifiers — see security ticket #41.
   const isE2eTestMode = process.env["E2E_TEST_MODE"] === "true";
   if (session?.user && !isE2eTestMode) {
-    const jti = (session.user as typeof session.user & { jti?: string }).jti;
+    const secret = process.env["AUTH_SECRET"] ?? process.env["NEXTAUTH_SECRET"] ?? "";
+    const cookieName =
+      (process.env["AUTH_URL"] ?? "").startsWith("https://") || process.env["VERCEL"] === "1"
+        ? "__Host-authjs.session-token"
+        : "authjs.session-token";
+    const jwt = secret ? await getToken({ req, secret, salt: cookieName }) : null;
+    const jti = (jwt?.["sid"] as string | undefined) ?? undefined;
     if (jti) {
       try {
         const activeSession = await prisma.activeSession.findUnique({ where: { jti } });

apps/web/src/lib/cron-auth.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { verifyCronSecret } from "./cron-auth.js";
+
+describe("verifyCronSecret — fail-closed when CRON_SECRET missing", () => {
+  const original = process.env["CRON_SECRET"];
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    if (original === undefined) delete process.env["CRON_SECRET"];
+    else process.env["CRON_SECRET"] = original;
+  });
+
+  it("returns 401 when CRON_SECRET is unset", async () => {
+    delete process.env["CRON_SECRET"];
+    const req = new Request("http://localhost/api/cron/x", {
+      headers: { Authorization: "Bearer whatever" },
+    });
+    const res = verifyCronSecret(req);
+    expect(res).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(res?.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it("returns 401 when CRON_SECRET is empty string", async () => {
+    process.env["CRON_SECRET"] = "";
+    const req = new Request("http://localhost/api/cron/x", {
+      headers: { Authorization: "Bearer whatever" },
+    });
+    const res = verifyCronSecret(req);
+    expect(res).not.toBeNull();
+    expect(res?.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it("returns 401 when Authorization header is missing", () => {
+    process.env["CRON_SECRET"] = "real-secret";
+    const req = new Request("http://localhost/api/cron/x");
+    const res = verifyCronSecret(req);
+    expect(res?.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it("returns 401 when Authorization header mismatches", () => {
+    process.env["CRON_SECRET"] = "real-secret";
+    const req = new Request("http://localhost/api/cron/x", {
+      headers: { Authorization: "Bearer wrong-secret" },
+    });
+    const res = verifyCronSecret(req);
+    expect(res?.status).toBe(401);
+  });
+
+  it("returns null (allow) when Authorization header matches", () => {
+    process.env["CRON_SECRET"] = "real-secret";
+    const req = new Request("http://localhost/api/cron/x", {
+      headers: { Authorization: "Bearer real-secret" },
+    });
+    expect(verifyCronSecret(req)).toBeNull();
+  });
+});

apps/web/src/middleware.test.ts

@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@ import { NextRequest } from "next/server";
 // Simulate an authenticated session so the middleware does not redirect
 // and CSP headers are set on every response.
 vi.mock("./server/auth-edge.js", () => ({
-  auth: (handler: (req: NextRequest & { auth: object | null }) => unknown) =>
+  auth: (handler: (req: NextRequest & { auth: object | null }) => unknown) => (req: NextRequest) =>
-    (req: NextRequest) =>
+    handler(Object.assign(req, { auth: { user: { id: "test-user", email: "test@test.com" } } })),
-      handler(Object.assign(req, { auth: { user: { id: "test-user", email: "test@test.com" } } })),
 }));
 
 async function importMiddleware(nodeEnv: string) {
@@ -81,4 +80,77 @@ describe("middleware — Content-Security-Policy", () => {
       expect(csp).toContain("frame-ancestors 'none'");
     }
   });
+
+  it("connect-src has no wildcards — browser cannot call external hosts directly", async () => {
+    const middleware = await importMiddleware("production");
+    const res = await middleware(new NextRequest("http://localhost:3100/"));
+    const csp = res.headers.get("Content-Security-Policy") ?? "";
+    const connectSrc = csp.split(";").find((d: string) => d.trim().startsWith("connect-src")) ?? "";
+    expect(connectSrc).toMatch(/connect-src\s+'self'\s*$/);
+    expect(connectSrc).not.toContain("*");
+    expect(connectSrc).not.toContain("openai.com");
+    expect(connectSrc).not.toContain("azure.com");
+    expect(connectSrc).not.toContain("googleapis.com");
+  });
+
+  it("object-src, frame-src are 'none' to block legacy plugin and iframe vectors", async () => {
+    const middleware = await importMiddleware("production");
+    const res = await middleware(new NextRequest("http://localhost:3100/"));
+    const csp = res.headers.get("Content-Security-Policy") ?? "";
+    expect(csp).toContain("object-src 'none'");
+    expect(csp).toContain("frame-src 'none'");
+  });
+
+  it("worker-src restricts web workers to same-origin and blob: (for Next.js)", async () => {
+    const middleware = await importMiddleware("production");
+    const res = await middleware(new NextRequest("http://localhost:3100/"));
+    const csp = res.headers.get("Content-Security-Policy") ?? "";
+    expect(csp).toContain("worker-src 'self' blob:");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("middleware — API allowlist (default-deny)", () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+    vi.resetModules();
+  });
+
+  it("allows allowlisted API routes through", async () => {
+    const middleware = await importMiddleware("production");
+    for (const url of [
+      "http://localhost:3100/api/trpc/project.list",
+      "http://localhost:3100/api/auth/signin",
+      "http://localhost:3100/api/sse/timeline",
+      "http://localhost:3100/api/cron/health-check",
+      "http://localhost:3100/api/reports/allocations",
+      "http://localhost:3100/api/health",
+      "http://localhost:3100/api/ready",
+      "http://localhost:3100/api/perf",
+    ]) {
+      const res = await middleware(new NextRequest(url));
+      expect(res.status).not.toBe(404);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("returns 404 for non-allowlisted /api/* routes", async () => {
+    const middleware = await importMiddleware("production");
+    for (const url of [
+      "http://localhost:3100/api/debug",
+      "http://localhost:3100/api/internal/secret",
+      "http://localhost:3100/api/admin/users",
+    ]) {
+      const res = await middleware(new NextRequest(url));
+      expect(res.status).toBe(404);
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe("isApiAllowlisted helper", () => {
+  it("exported via module for testing", async () => {
+    const { isApiAllowlisted } = await import("./middleware.js");
+    expect(isApiAllowlisted("/api/trpc/foo")).toBe(true);
+    expect(isApiAllowlisted("/api/debug")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isApiAllowlisted("/api/healthz")).toBe(false);
+    expect(isApiAllowlisted("/api/health")).toBe(true);
+  });
 });

apps/web/src/middleware.ts

@@ -1,33 +1,62 @@
 import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
 import { auth } from "./server/auth-edge.js";
 
-// Paths that are accessible without a session.
+// UI routes that are accessible without a session (login page, reset flow,
-// Everything else requires a valid JWT session.
+// public invite acceptance). All other UI routes redirect unauthenticated
-const PUBLIC_PREFIXES = [
+// visitors to /auth/signin.
-  "/auth/",       // signin, forgot-password, reset-password
+const PUBLIC_UI_PREFIXES = ["/auth/", "/invite/"];
-  "/api/",        // tRPC, health, auth endpoints — these manage their own auth
+
-  "/invite/",     // public invite acceptance flow
+// API allowlist — only routes listed here are served. Everything else under
+// `/api/*` returns 404. Each allowlisted route MUST perform its own
+// authentication (session check via auth(), CRON_SECRET bearer header, etc.)
+// because the edge middleware cannot do Node-only work like Prisma queries.
+// Prefix entries must end with `/`; exact entries match only the literal
+// pathname. A new /api route therefore requires a deliberate allowlist edit,
+// preventing accidental default-public exposure (security ticket #44).
+export const SELF_AUTH_API_PREFIXES = [
+  "/api/auth/",
+  "/api/trpc/",
+  "/api/sse/",
+  "/api/cron/",
+  "/api/reports/",
 ];
 
-function isPublicPath(pathname: string): boolean {
+export const SELF_AUTH_API_EXACT = ["/api/health", "/api/ready", "/api/perf"];
-  return PUBLIC_PREFIXES.some((prefix) => pathname.startsWith(prefix));
+
+export function isApiAllowlisted(pathname: string): boolean {
+  if (SELF_AUTH_API_EXACT.includes(pathname)) return true;
+  return SELF_AUTH_API_PREFIXES.some((p) => pathname.startsWith(p));
 }
 
+function isPublicUiPath(pathname: string): boolean {
+  return PUBLIC_UI_PREFIXES.some((prefix) => pathname.startsWith(prefix));
+}
+
+// Browser-side code never talks to AI providers directly — every OpenAI /
+// Azure / Gemini call goes through a server tRPC route. Therefore connect-src
+// is locked to 'self' with no wildcards (ticket #45). If a future feature
+// needs a browser-originated cross-origin request, add it explicitly here.
 function buildCsp(nonce: string, isProd: boolean): string {
-  const scriptSrc = isProd
+  const scriptSrc = isProd ? `'self' 'nonce-${nonce}'` : `'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'`;
-    ? `'self' 'nonce-${nonce}'`
-    : `'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline'`;
 
   const imgSrc = isProd ? "'self' data: blob:" : "'self' data: blob: https:";
 
   return [
     "default-src 'self'",
     `script-src ${scriptSrc}`,
+    // style-src keeps 'unsafe-inline' because React inlines styles from
+    // component-scoped CSS and @react-pdf/renderer emits inline style blocks.
+    // A nonce-based style-src-elem breaks both. This is an accepted residual
+    // risk documented in docs/security-architecture.md §5.
     "style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'",
     `img-src ${imgSrc}`,
     "font-src 'self' data:",
-    "connect-src 'self' https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com https://*.openai.com https://*.azure.com",
+    "connect-src 'self'",
     "frame-ancestors 'none'",
+    "frame-src 'none'",
+    "object-src 'none'",
+    "media-src 'self'",
+    "worker-src 'self' blob:",
     "base-uri 'self'",
     "form-action 'self'",
   ].join("; ");
@@ -36,8 +65,17 @@ function buildCsp(nonce: string, isProd: boolean): string {
 export default auth(function middleware(request) {
   const { pathname } = request.nextUrl;
 
-  // Redirect unauthenticated requests for protected routes to signin
+  // /api/* — default-deny. Only allowlisted routes pass; everything else 404s.
-  if (!isPublicPath(pathname) && !request.auth) {
+  // Allowlisted routes are responsible for their own auth check (they are
+  // reached in the route handler, not here, because edge middleware cannot do
+  // Prisma queries).
+  if (pathname.startsWith("/api/")) {
+    if (!isApiAllowlisted(pathname)) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "Not Found" }, { status: 404 });
+    }
+    // fall through — continue to add CSP headers
+  } else if (!isPublicUiPath(pathname) && !request.auth) {
+    // UI route requires a session. Redirect to signin.
     const signInUrl = new URL("/auth/signin", request.url);
     signInUrl.searchParams.set("callbackUrl", request.url);
     return NextResponse.redirect(signInUrl);

apps/web/src/server/auth-config.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/**
+ * Cookie-hardening regression tests — security ticket #41.
+ *
+ * auth.config.ts uses module-level env reads, so we reset modules and stub
+ * the relevant variables before each importing the module freshly.
+ */
+
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+function originalEnvSnapshot() {
+  return {
+    AUTH_URL: process.env["AUTH_URL"],
+    NEXTAUTH_URL: process.env["NEXTAUTH_URL"],
+    VERCEL: process.env["VERCEL"],
+    NODE_ENV: process.env["NODE_ENV"],
+  };
+}
+
+describe("auth.config cookies", () => {
+  let snapshot: ReturnType<typeof originalEnvSnapshot>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    snapshot = originalEnvSnapshot();
+    delete process.env["AUTH_URL"];
+    delete process.env["NEXTAUTH_URL"];
+    delete process.env["VERCEL"];
+    vi.resetModules();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(snapshot)) {
+      if (v === undefined) delete process.env[k];
+      else process.env[k] = v;
+    }
+    vi.resetModules();
+  });
+
+  it("sets secure=true and __Host- prefix when AUTH_URL is https", async () => {
+    process.env["AUTH_URL"] = "https://app.example.com";
+    const { authConfig } = await import("./auth.config.js");
+    expect(authConfig.cookies?.sessionToken?.options?.secure).toBe(true);
+    expect(authConfig.cookies?.sessionToken?.name).toBe("__Host-authjs.session-token");
+    expect(authConfig.cookies?.callbackUrl?.name).toBe("__Host-authjs.callback-url");
+    expect(authConfig.cookies?.csrfToken?.name).toBe("__Host-authjs.csrf-token");
+  });
+
+  it("sets secure=false on http deployment", async () => {
+    process.env["AUTH_URL"] = "http://localhost:3000";
+    const { authConfig } = await import("./auth.config.js");
+    expect(authConfig.cookies?.sessionToken?.options?.secure).toBe(false);
+    expect(authConfig.cookies?.sessionToken?.name).toBe("authjs.session-token");
+  });
+
+  it("ignores NODE_ENV — secure flag tied to AUTH_URL scheme only", async () => {
+    // Staging: NODE_ENV=production but AUTH_URL is plain http → still insecure.
+    // The point is that the flag should NOT depend on NODE_ENV any more.
+    // (process.env.NODE_ENV is read-only in the Next.js tsconfig; force via index.)
+    (process.env as Record<string, string>)["NODE_ENV"] = "production";
+    process.env["AUTH_URL"] = "http://staging.internal";
+    const { authConfig } = await import("./auth.config.js");
+    expect(authConfig.cookies?.sessionToken?.options?.secure).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("uses __Host- prefix on Vercel even without explicit AUTH_URL", async () => {
+    process.env["VERCEL"] = "1";
+    const { authConfig } = await import("./auth.config.js");
+    expect(authConfig.cookies?.sessionToken?.options?.secure).toBe(true);
+    expect(authConfig.cookies?.sessionToken?.name).toBe("__Host-authjs.session-token");
+  });
+
+  it("keeps sameSite=strict, httpOnly=true, path=/ in all configurations", async () => {
+    process.env["AUTH_URL"] = "https://app.example.com";
+    const { authConfig } = await import("./auth.config.js");
+    const opts = authConfig.cookies?.sessionToken?.options;
+    expect(opts?.sameSite).toBe("strict");
+    expect(opts?.httpOnly).toBe(true);
+    expect(opts?.path).toBe("/");
+  });
+});

apps/web/src/server/auth.config.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,35 @@ import type { NextAuthConfig } from "next-auth";
 // Edge-safe auth config — no native modules (no argon2, no prisma).
 // Used by auth-edge.ts (middleware) to verify JWT sessions without
 // pulling in Node.js-only packages into the Edge runtime.
+
+// Secure cookies whenever the deployment URL is https, not only when
+// NODE_ENV === "production". Staging over HTTPS must also ship Secure
+// cookies, otherwise the session token is MITM-interceptable. The check
+// happens at module-eval time — that's fine because the AUTH_URL / Next.js
+// deployment URL does not change between requests.
+function isHttpsDeployment(): boolean {
+  const explicit = (process.env["AUTH_URL"] ?? process.env["NEXTAUTH_URL"] ?? "").trim();
+  if (explicit.startsWith("https://")) return true;
+  // Vercel sets VERCEL=1 and the URL is always https there.
+  if (process.env["VERCEL"] === "1") return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+const useSecure = isHttpsDeployment();
+
+// Cookie name with __Host- prefix when secure. The __Host- prefix is an
+// additional browser-enforced hardening (RFC 6265bis §4.1.3.2) that only
+// accepts the cookie if Secure=true, Path="/", and no Domain attribute —
+// preventing subdomain takeover from rewriting the session cookie.
+const cookiePrefix = useSecure ? "__Host-" : "";
+
+const baseCookieOptions = {
+  httpOnly: true,
+  sameSite: "strict" as const,
+  path: "/",
+  secure: useSecure,
+};
+
 export const authConfig = {
   pages: {
     signIn: "/auth/signin",
@@ -10,36 +39,21 @@ export const authConfig = {
   providers: [],
   session: {
     strategy: "jwt",
-    maxAge: 28800,    // 8 hours absolute timeout
+    maxAge: 28800, // 8 hours absolute timeout
-    updateAge: 1800,  // refresh token every 30 minutes
+    updateAge: 1800, // refresh token every 30 minutes
   },
   cookies: {
     sessionToken: {
-      name: "authjs.session-token",
+      name: `${cookiePrefix}authjs.session-token`,
-      options: {
+      options: baseCookieOptions,
-        httpOnly: true,
-        sameSite: "strict" as const,
-        path: "/",
-        secure: process.env.NODE_ENV === "production",
-      },
     },
     callbackUrl: {
-      name: "authjs.callback-url",
+      name: `${cookiePrefix}authjs.callback-url`,
-      options: {
+      options: baseCookieOptions,
-        httpOnly: true,
-        sameSite: "strict" as const,
-        path: "/",
-        secure: process.env.NODE_ENV === "production",
-      },
     },
     csrfToken: {
-      name: "authjs.csrf-token",
+      name: `${cookiePrefix}authjs.csrf-token`,
-      options: {
+      options: baseCookieOptions,
-        httpOnly: true,
-        sameSite: "strict" as const,
-        path: "/",
-        secure: process.env.NODE_ENV === "production",
-      },
     },
   },
 } satisfies NextAuthConfig;

apps/web/src/server/auth.test.ts

@@ -14,12 +14,29 @@ import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 
 // ── next-auth imports next/server without .js extension which fails in vitest
 // node env. Mock the whole module so the error classes can be imported.
+// Capture the config passed to NextAuth() so callbacks can be invoked.
+const nextAuthCalls: Array<{
+  callbacks?: {
+    jwt?: (...args: unknown[]) => unknown;
+    session?: (...args: unknown[]) => unknown;
+  };
+}> = [];
 vi.mock("next-auth", () => {
   class CredentialsSignin extends Error {
     code = "credentials";
   }
   return {
-    default: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({ handlers: {}, auth: vi.fn() }),
+    default: vi.fn(
+      (cfg: {
+        callbacks?: {
+          jwt?: (...args: unknown[]) => unknown;
+          session?: (...args: unknown[]) => unknown;
+        };
+      }) => {
+        nextAuthCalls.push(cfg);
+        return { handlers: {}, auth: vi.fn() };
+      },
+    ),
     CredentialsSignin,
   };
 });
@@ -82,6 +99,63 @@ describe("MFA CredentialsSignin error classes — code property", () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe("session() — does not leak JTI to client", () => {
+  const sessionCb = nextAuthCalls[0]?.callbacks?.session;
+  if (!sessionCb) {
+    it.skip("session callback not captured", () => {});
+    return;
+  }
+
+  it("never assigns token.sid onto session.user.jti", async () => {
+    const session = await sessionCb({
+      session: { user: { email: "x@e.com" }, expires: "2030-01-01" },
+      token: { sub: "u1", role: "USER", sid: "secret-session-id" },
+    });
+    const user = (session as { user: Record<string, unknown> }).user;
+    expect(user["jti"]).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(user["sid"]).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(user["id"]).toBe("u1");
+    expect(user["role"]).toBe("USER");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("jwt() — concurrent-session enforcement is fail-closed", () => {
+  const jwtCb = nextAuthCalls[0]?.callbacks?.jwt;
+  if (!jwtCb) {
+    it.skip("jwt callback not captured", () => {});
+    return;
+  }
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    prismaMock.systemSettings.findUnique.mockReset();
+    prismaMock.activeSession.create.mockReset();
+    prismaMock.activeSession.findMany.mockReset();
+    prismaMock.activeSession.deleteMany.mockReset();
+  });
+
+  it("throws if activeSession.create fails", async () => {
+    prismaMock.systemSettings.findUnique.mockResolvedValue({ maxConcurrentSessions: 3 });
+    prismaMock.activeSession.create.mockRejectedValue(new Error("db down"));
+
+    await expect(jwtCb({ token: {}, user: { id: "u1", role: "USER" } })).rejects.toThrow(
+      /Session registration failed/,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("returns the token when session-registry writes succeed", async () => {
+    prismaMock.systemSettings.findUnique.mockResolvedValue({ maxConcurrentSessions: 3 });
+    prismaMock.activeSession.create.mockResolvedValue({});
+    prismaMock.activeSession.findMany.mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+    const result = (await jwtCb({ token: {}, user: { id: "u1", role: "USER" } })) as Record<
+      string,
+      unknown
+    >;
+    expect(result["role"]).toBe("USER");
+    expect(typeof result["sid"]).toBe("string");
+  });
+});
+
 describe("authorize() — login timing / enumeration defence", () => {
   const authorize = credentialsCalls[0]?.authorize;
 

apps/web/src/server/auth.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { prisma } from "@capakraken/db";
 import { authRateLimiter } from "@capakraken/api/middleware/rate-limit";
 import { createAuditEntry } from "@capakraken/api/lib/audit";
 import { logger } from "@capakraken/api/lib/logger";
+import { consumeTotpWindow } from "@capakraken/api/lib/totp-consume";
 import NextAuth, { type NextAuthConfig } from "next-auth";
 import Credentials from "next-auth/providers/credentials";
 import { CredentialsSignin } from "next-auth";
@@ -188,15 +189,12 @@ const config = {
             throw new InvalidTotpError();
           }
 
-          // Replay-attack prevention: reject if the same 30-second window was already used
+          // Atomic replay-guard: a single UPDATE ... WHERE lastTotpAt is null
-          const userWithTotp = (await prisma.user.findUnique({
+          // OR older than 30 s both serialises concurrent logins (row lock)
-            where: { id: user.id },
+          // and expresses the "unused window" precondition in SQL. count=0
-            select: { lastTotpAt: true },
+          // means another request consumed this window first → replay.
-          })) as { lastTotpAt: Date | null } | null;
+          const accepted = await consumeTotpWindow(prisma, user.id);
-          if (
+          if (!accepted) {
-            userWithTotp?.lastTotpAt != null &&
-            Date.now() - userWithTotp.lastTotpAt.getTime() < 30_000
-          ) {
             logger.warn({ email, reason: "totp_replay" }, "TOTP replay attack blocked");
             void createAuditEntry({
               db: prisma,
@@ -210,12 +208,6 @@ const config = {
             });
             throw new InvalidTotpError();
           }
-
-          // Record successful TOTP use to prevent replay within the same window
-          await (prisma.user.update as Function)({
-            where: { id: user.id },
-            data: { lastTotpAt: new Date() },
-          });
         }
 
         // MFA enforcement: if the user's role is in requireMfaForRoles but they
@@ -267,10 +259,9 @@ const config = {
       if (token.role) {
         (session.user as typeof session.user & { role: string }).role = token.role as string;
       }
-      // Use token.sid (not token.jti) to avoid conflict with Auth.js's internal JWT ID claim
+      // Do NOT expose token.sid on session.user — the JTI is an internal
-      if (token.sid) {
+      // session-revocation token and must stay inside the encrypted JWT.
-        (session.user as typeof session.user & { jti: string }).jti = token.sid as string;
+      // Server-side handlers that need it decode the JWT via getToken().
-      }
       return session;
     },
     async jwt({ token, user }) {
@@ -289,7 +280,11 @@ const config = {
         const isE2eTestMode = process.env["E2E_TEST_MODE"] === "true";
         if (isE2eTestMode) return token;
 
-        // Enforce concurrent session limit (kick-oldest strategy)
+        // Enforce concurrent session limit (kick-oldest strategy).
+        // This MUST fail-closed: if session-registry writes fail we cannot
+        // honour the configured session cap, so we must refuse to mint a
+        // session. Previously this path swallowed errors and logged-only,
+        // which let a DB-degradation scenario bypass the session cap.
         try {
           const settings = await prisma.systemSettings.findUnique({
             where: { id: "singleton" },
@@ -297,12 +292,10 @@ const config = {
           });
           const maxSessions = settings?.maxConcurrentSessions ?? 3;
 
-          // Register this new session
           await prisma.activeSession.create({
             data: { userId: user.id!, jti },
           });
 
-          // Count active sessions and delete the oldest if over the limit
           const activeSessions = await prisma.activeSession.findMany({
             where: { userId: user.id! },
             orderBy: { createdAt: "asc" },
@@ -320,8 +313,11 @@ const config = {
             );
           }
         } catch (err) {
-          // Non-blocking: don't prevent login if session tracking fails
+          logger.error(
-          logger.error({ err }, "Failed to enforce concurrent session limit");
+            { err, userId: user.id },
+            "Failed to register active session — refusing to mint JWT",
+          );
+          throw new Error("Session registration failed");
         }
       }
       return token;

docs/security-architecture.md

@@ -137,7 +137,9 @@ injection attempts and to surface them as audit-log entries.
 
 ## 7. HTTP Security Headers
 
-Configured in `next.config.ts`:
+Static headers are configured in `next.config.ts`. The Content-Security-Policy
+is emitted per-request by `apps/web/src/middleware.ts` so it can carry a
+per-request nonce.
 
 | Header                    | Value                                          |
 | ------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
@@ -149,6 +151,30 @@ Configured in `next.config.ts`:
 | Referrer-Policy           | `strict-origin-when-cross-origin`              |
 | Permissions-Policy        | Camera, microphone, geolocation disabled       |
 
+### Content-Security-Policy directives (production)
+
+| Directive         | Value                     | Rationale                                          |
+| ----------------- | ------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
+| `default-src`     | `'self'`                  | Baseline deny-all-cross-origin.                    |
+| `script-src`      | `'self' 'nonce-<random>'` | No `unsafe-inline` / `unsafe-eval` in prod.        |
+| `style-src`       | `'self' 'unsafe-inline'`  | Accepted residual risk — see note below.           |
+| `img-src`         | `'self' data: blob:`      | Allow base64 previews and generated blobs only.    |
+| `font-src`        | `'self' data:`            | Data URLs for inline-embedded fonts.               |
+| `connect-src`     | `'self'`                  | All AI / third-party calls are server-side.        |
+| `frame-ancestors` | `'none'`                  | Clickjacking defence.                              |
+| `frame-src`       | `'none'`                  | No third-party iframes.                            |
+| `object-src`      | `'none'`                  | Blocks legacy `<object>` / Flash / applet vectors. |
+| `media-src`       | `'self'`                  | No cross-origin video / audio.                     |
+| `worker-src`      | `'self' blob:`            | Next.js runtime uses blob-URL workers.             |
+| `base-uri`        | `'self'`                  | Blocks `<base>` hijacks.                           |
+| `form-action`     | `'self'`                  | Blocks form-exfiltration to third parties.         |
+
+**Residual risk — `style-src 'unsafe-inline'`:** React inlines component-scoped
+style attributes and `@react-pdf/renderer` emits inline `<style>` blocks that
+cannot carry a nonce. A strict `style-src-elem` would break both. The risk is
+bounded because `script-src` is nonce-based — a pure CSS-injection attack
+cannot escalate to JS execution in this application.
+
 ## 8. Rate Limiting
 
 - **Per-IP rate limiting**: via middleware on all API routes

packages/api/package.json

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     "./lib/reminder-scheduler": "./src/lib/reminder-scheduler.ts",
     "./lib/logger": "./src/lib/logger.ts",
     "./lib/runtime-security": "./src/lib/runtime-security.ts",
+    "./lib/totp-consume": "./src/lib/totp-consume.ts",
     "./middleware/rate-limit": "./src/middleware/rate-limit.ts"
   },
   "scripts": {

packages/api/src/__tests__/assistant-tools-error-sanitiser.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage } from "../router/assistant-tools/helpers.js";
+
+/**
+ * Ticket #53 — AI-tool helpers previously returned `error.message` verbatim
+ * for BAD_REQUEST / CONFLICT cases. When the underlying cause was a Prisma
+ * error (P2002 unique, P2003 FK, P2025 missing), the text included column
+ * names, relation paths, and the offending value — all of which ended up
+ * in LLM chat context and, via audit_log.changes, in the DB.
+ *
+ * `sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage` replaces those patterns with a generic
+ * "Invalid input" while letting hand-crafted router messages through.
+ */
+describe("sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage (#53)", () => {
+  it("replaces P2002 unique-constraint leak with generic text", () => {
+    const leak =
+      "Invalid `prisma.user.create()` invocation in\n/app/src/router/users.ts:142:5\n\nUnique constraint failed on the fields: (`email`)";
+    expect(sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(leak)).toBe("Invalid input");
+  });
+
+  it("replaces P2003 FK-violation leak", () => {
+    const leak = "Foreign key constraint failed on the field: `clientId`";
+    expect(sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(leak)).toBe("Invalid input");
+  });
+
+  it("replaces P2025 missing-record leak", () => {
+    const leak =
+      "An operation failed because it depends on one or more records that were required but not found.";
+    expect(sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(leak)).toBe("Invalid input");
+  });
+
+  it("replaces raw Postgres unique-violation leak", () => {
+    const leak =
+      'duplicate key value violates unique constraint "User_email_key"\nDETAIL: Key (email)=(alice@example.com) already exists.';
+    expect(sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(leak)).toBe("Invalid input");
+  });
+
+  it("replaces raw Postgres not-null leak", () => {
+    const leak =
+      'null value in column "projectId" of relation "Allocation" violates not-null constraint';
+    expect(sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(leak)).toBe("Invalid input");
+  });
+
+  it("replaces raw Postgres check-constraint leak", () => {
+    const leak = 'new row for relation "Project" violates check constraint "Project_status_check"';
+    expect(sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(leak)).toBe("Invalid input");
+  });
+
+  it("caps excessively long messages (stack-trace dump defence)", () => {
+    const giant = "A".repeat(600);
+    expect(sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(giant)).toBe("Invalid input");
+  });
+
+  it("handles empty message defensively", () => {
+    expect(sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage("")).toBe("Invalid input");
+  });
+
+  it("lets short hand-crafted router messages through unchanged", () => {
+    const safe = "The project must have a client assigned.";
+    expect(sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(safe)).toBe(safe);
+  });
+
+  it("lets business-rule validation text through", () => {
+    const safe = "Vacation cannot be approved in its current status.";
+    expect(sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(safe)).toBe(safe);
+  });
+
+  it("lets shortCode conflict messages through (quoted value is user-provided)", () => {
+    const safe = 'A project with short code "ACME01" already exists.';
+    expect(sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(safe)).toBe(safe);
+  });
+});

packages/api/src/__tests__/assistant-tools-user-self-service-mfa-enable.test.ts

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ describe("assistant user self-service MFA tools - enable flow", () => {
           totpEnabled: false,
         }),
         update: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+        updateMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ count: 1 }),
       },
       auditLog: {
         create: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: "audit_1" }),
@@ -75,9 +76,17 @@ describe("assistant user self-service MFA tools - enable flow", () => {
         lastTotpAt: true,
       },
     });
+    // Atomic-CAS replay guard: lastTotpAt is set by updateMany with a
+    // conditional WHERE; the subsequent update toggles totpEnabled only.
+    expect(db.user.updateMany).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        where: expect.objectContaining({ id: "user_1" }),
+        data: { lastTotpAt: expect.any(Date) },
+      }),
+    );
     expect(db.user.update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       where: { id: "user_1" },
-      data: { totpEnabled: true, lastTotpAt: expect.any(Date) },
+      data: { totpEnabled: true },
     });
     expect(db.auditLog.create).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       data: expect.objectContaining({

packages/api/src/__tests__/audit-redaction.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { __test__, createAuditEntry } from "../lib/audit.js";
+
+const { redactSensitive } = __test__;
+
+describe("audit log redaction", () => {
+  describe("redactSensitive", () => {
+    it("redacts top-level password fields", () => {
+      const result = redactSensitive({ userId: "u1", password: "hunter2" });
+      expect(result).toEqual({ userId: "u1", password: "[REDACTED]" });
+    });
+
+    it("redacts nested password fields", () => {
+      const result = redactSensitive({
+        params: { userId: "u1", password: "hunter2" },
+        executed: true,
+      });
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        params: { userId: "u1", password: "[REDACTED]" },
+        executed: true,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it("redacts password inside arrays", () => {
+      const result = redactSensitive({
+        users: [
+          { id: "1", password: "secret" },
+          { id: "2", password: "other" },
+        ],
+      });
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        users: [
+          { id: "1", password: "[REDACTED]" },
+          { id: "2", password: "[REDACTED]" },
+        ],
+      });
+    });
+
+    it("is case-insensitive", () => {
+      const result = redactSensitive({
+        Password: "x",
+        PASSWORD: "y",
+        newPassword: "z",
+        currentPassword: "a",
+      });
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        Password: "[REDACTED]",
+        PASSWORD: "[REDACTED]",
+        newPassword: "[REDACTED]",
+        currentPassword: "[REDACTED]",
+      });
+    });
+
+    it("redacts tokens, secrets, and cookies", () => {
+      const result = redactSensitive({
+        token: "t",
+        accessToken: "a",
+        refreshToken: "r",
+        apiKey: "k",
+        secret: "s",
+        totpSecret: "ts",
+        authorization: "Bearer x",
+        cookie: "sid=abc",
+      });
+      for (const v of Object.values(result as Record<string, unknown>)) {
+        expect(v).toBe("[REDACTED]");
+      }
+    });
+
+    it("leaves non-sensitive fields untouched", () => {
+      const result = redactSensitive({ name: "Alice", email: "a@b.c", count: 42, flag: true });
+      expect(result).toEqual({ name: "Alice", email: "a@b.c", count: 42, flag: true });
+    });
+
+    it("handles null, undefined, and primitives", () => {
+      expect(redactSensitive(null)).toBe(null);
+      expect(redactSensitive(undefined)).toBe(undefined);
+      expect(redactSensitive("string")).toBe("string");
+      expect(redactSensitive(123)).toBe(123);
+    });
+
+    it("stops recursion at MAX_REDACT_DEPTH", () => {
+      // Build a ~15-deep nested object; redaction should still work near the
+      // top but bail past the depth limit without throwing.
+      let v: Record<string, unknown> = { password: "leaf" };
+      for (let i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
+        v = { nested: v };
+      }
+      expect(() => redactSensitive(v)).not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("createAuditEntry", () => {
+    it("redacts passwords in `after` before the DB write", async () => {
+      const create = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({});
+      const db = { auditLog: { create } };
+
+      await createAuditEntry({
+        db: db as never,
+        entityType: "AiToolExecution",
+        entityId: "call_1",
+        action: "CREATE",
+        after: { params: { userId: "u1", password: "cleartext" }, executed: true },
+      });
+
+      expect(create).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      const data = create.mock.calls[0]![0]!.data;
+      const changes = data.changes as { after?: { params?: { password?: string } } };
+      expect(changes.after?.params?.password).toBe("[REDACTED]");
+      expect(changes.after?.params).toMatchObject({ userId: "u1" });
+    });
+
+    it("redacts passwords in before/after when non-sensitive fields also changed", async () => {
+      const create = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({});
+      const db = { auditLog: { create } };
+
+      await createAuditEntry({
+        db: db as never,
+        entityType: "User",
+        entityId: "u1",
+        action: "UPDATE",
+        before: { password: "old", name: "Alice" },
+        after: { password: "new", name: "Bob" },
+      });
+
+      expect(create).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      const changes = create.mock.calls[0]![0]!.data.changes as {
+        before?: Record<string, unknown>;
+        after?: Record<string, unknown>;
+        diff?: Record<string, { old: unknown; new: unknown }>;
+      };
+      expect(changes.before?.["password"]).toBe("[REDACTED]");
+      expect(changes.after?.["password"]).toBe("[REDACTED]");
+      // The name change survives in the diff, but the password diff collapses
+      // (both values are the same placeholder).
+      expect(changes.diff).toEqual({ name: { old: "Alice", new: "Bob" } });
+    });
+
+    it("skips UPDATE when both snapshots redact to the same value (empty diff)", async () => {
+      const create = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({});
+      const db = { auditLog: { create } };
+
+      await createAuditEntry({
+        db: db as never,
+        entityType: "User",
+        entityId: "u1",
+        action: "UPDATE",
+        before: { password: "old" },
+        after: { password: "new" },
+      });
+
+      // Both redact to [REDACTED], diff is empty, create should NOT be called.
+      expect(create).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it("redacts sensitive fields in metadata", async () => {
+      const create = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({});
+      const db = { auditLog: { create } };
+
+      await createAuditEntry({
+        db: db as never,
+        entityType: "Webhook",
+        entityId: "wh_1",
+        action: "CREATE",
+        after: { url: "https://example.com/hook" },
+        metadata: { signingSecret: "ss", apiKey: "leak" },
+      });
+
+      const changes = create.mock.calls[0]![0]!.data.changes as {
+        metadata?: Record<string, unknown>;
+      };
+      expect(changes.metadata?.["apiKey"]).toBe("[REDACTED]");
+      // signingSecret is not in the set — verify the list is intentional
+      expect(changes.metadata?.["signingSecret"]).toBe("ss");
+    });
+  });
+});

packages/api/src/__tests__/rbac-cache-redis-pubsub.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import { EventEmitter } from "node:events";
+import { afterAll, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+/**
+ * Ticket #57 — verify that:
+ *
+ *   1. Publishing on RBAC_INVALIDATE_CHANNEL from node A causes node B to
+ *      drop its local `_roleDefaultsCache`, so its next `loadRoleDefaults()`
+ *      call re-reads from the DB (acceptance criterion:
+ *      "2nd node sees update within 1 s" — we verify the mechanism, not the
+ *      Redis latency).
+ *
+ *   2. `invalidateRoleDefaultsCache()` on the current node publishes on the
+ *      same channel so peer instances receive the event.
+ *
+ * Strategy: stub `ioredis` with an EventEmitter-based fake before loading
+ * trpc.ts. The fake captures `publish()` calls and lets the test emit
+ * synthetic "message" events.
+ */
+
+// Fake Redis with two separate instances so the test mirrors the multi-node
+// shape: one as subscriber, one as publisher. Both share the same module-
+// level event router keyed by channel.
+const channelSubscribers = new Map<string, Set<FakeRedis>>();
+const publishCalls: Array<{ channel: string; message: string }> = [];
+
+class FakeRedis extends EventEmitter {
+  constructor(_url: string, _opts: unknown) {
+    super();
+  }
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/require-await
+  async subscribe(channel: string): Promise<number> {
+    let set = channelSubscribers.get(channel);
+    if (!set) {
+      set = new Set();
+      channelSubscribers.set(channel, set);
+    }
+    set.add(this);
+    return set.size;
+  }
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/require-await
+  async publish(channel: string, message: string): Promise<number> {
+    publishCalls.push({ channel, message });
+    const subs = channelSubscribers.get(channel);
+    if (!subs) return 0;
+    // Fan out synchronously so the subscriber handler runs before the test
+    // assertion reads the cache — matches real ioredis "message" semantics
+    // from the subscriber's point of view.
+    for (const sub of subs) sub.emit("message", channel, message);
+    return subs.size;
+  }
+}
+
+vi.mock("ioredis", () => ({ Redis: FakeRedis, default: FakeRedis }));
+vi.mock("../lib/logger.js", () => ({
+  logger: { warn: vi.fn(), error: vi.fn(), info: vi.fn(), debug: vi.fn() },
+}));
+
+// Prisma client mock — loadRoleDefaults pulls from systemRoleConfig.findMany.
+const findManyCalls: number[] = [];
+vi.mock("@capakraken/db", async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<Record<string, unknown>>("@capakraken/db");
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    prisma: {
+      systemRoleConfig: {
+        findMany: vi.fn().mockImplementation(async () => {
+          findManyCalls.push(Date.now());
+          return [{ role: "ADMIN", defaultPermissions: ["MANAGE_USERS"] }];
+        }),
+      },
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+// REDIS_URL is needed so trpc.ts decides to instantiate the fake Redis.
+// `trpc.ts` now reads it lazily on first RBAC call, so setting it in
+// beforeAll is enough; we always restore in afterAll to avoid leaking into
+// other test files in the same worker.
+const originalRedisUrl = process.env["REDIS_URL"];
+
+describe("RBAC cache Redis pub/sub (#57)", () => {
+  beforeAll(() => {
+    process.env["REDIS_URL"] = "redis://fake:6379";
+  });
+  afterAll(() => {
+    if (originalRedisUrl === undefined) delete process.env["REDIS_URL"];
+    else process.env["REDIS_URL"] = originalRedisUrl;
+  });
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    findManyCalls.length = 0;
+  });
+
+  it("peer-instance invalidation: receiving a message clears the local cache", async () => {
+    const { loadRoleDefaults } = await import("../trpc.js");
+
+    // Warm the cache.
+    await loadRoleDefaults();
+    const hitsAfterWarm = findManyCalls.length;
+    expect(hitsAfterWarm).toBe(1);
+
+    // Second call within TTL should be cached — no additional findMany.
+    await loadRoleDefaults();
+    expect(findManyCalls.length).toBe(hitsAfterWarm);
+
+    // Simulate a peer instance publishing an invalidation: grab any
+    // subscriber on the channel and fire the event as if Redis delivered it.
+    const subs = channelSubscribers.get("capakraken:rbac-invalidate");
+    expect(subs).toBeDefined();
+    expect(subs!.size).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    for (const sub of subs!) sub.emit("message", "capakraken:rbac-invalidate", "1");
+
+    // Next load must hit the DB again.
+    await loadRoleDefaults();
+    expect(findManyCalls.length).toBe(hitsAfterWarm + 1);
+  });
+
+  it("local invalidation publishes on the RBAC channel", async () => {
+    const { invalidateRoleDefaultsCache } = await import("../trpc.js");
+    const countBefore = publishCalls.length;
+
+    invalidateRoleDefaultsCache();
+
+    // Give the microtask queue one tick (publish returns a promise).
+    await Promise.resolve();
+
+    const newPublishes = publishCalls.slice(countBefore);
+    expect(newPublishes.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(newPublishes[0]!.channel).toBe("capakraken:rbac-invalidate");
+  });
+});

packages/api/src/__tests__/read-only-scoped-caller.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { createReadOnlyProxy } from "../lib/read-only-prisma.js";
+
+/**
+ * Ticket #47 — read-only proxy must survive the scoped-caller indirection.
+ *
+ * assistant-tools.ts::executeTool swaps `ctx.db` for a read-only proxy when
+ * dispatching non-mutation tools. Tool executors then call
+ * `createScopedCallerContext(ctx)` which forwards `ctx.db` to a tRPC caller.
+ * If the proxy were not preserved through that forwarding, an LLM-invoked
+ * "read" tool could smuggle writes via the caller path.
+ *
+ * This suite asserts the proxy is not unwrapped on forwarding, and that
+ * every write-flavoured client method (model writes, raw SQL, interactive
+ * transactions, runCommandRaw) is still blocked after forwarding.
+ */
+describe("read-only proxy survives scoped-caller forwarding (#47)", () => {
+  function makeFakeClient() {
+    // Minimal shape that passes the Proxy's model detection (has findMany).
+    const user = {
+      findUnique: async () => ({ id: "u1" }),
+      findMany: async () => [],
+      create: async () => ({ id: "u1" }),
+      update: async () => ({ id: "u1" }),
+    };
+    return {
+      user,
+      $queryRaw: async () => [],
+      $queryRawUnsafe: async () => [],
+      $executeRaw: async () => 0,
+      $executeRawUnsafe: async () => 0,
+      $transaction: async () => [],
+      $runCommandRaw: async () => ({ ok: 1 }),
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Simulate what createScopedCallerContext does: construct a NEW object
+  // whose `db` key is assigned from the incoming ctx.db. This is the exact
+  // forwarding pattern used by helpers.ts::createScopedCallerContext.
+  function forwardToCaller(ctx: { db: unknown }): { db: unknown } {
+    return { db: ctx.db };
+  }
+
+  it("ctx.db retains proxy identity after forwarding", () => {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    const client = makeFakeClient() as any;
+    const proxied = createReadOnlyProxy(client);
+    const forwarded = forwardToCaller({ db: proxied });
+    // Writes through the forwarded db must still throw.
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    expect(() => (forwarded.db as any).user.create({ data: {} })).toThrow(
+      /not permitted on read-only/,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("raw/tx escape hatches still blocked after forwarding", () => {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    const client = makeFakeClient() as any;
+    const proxied = createReadOnlyProxy(client);
+    const forwarded = forwardToCaller({ db: proxied }) as { db: Record<string, Function> };
+
+    expect(() => forwarded.db.$executeRaw!`DELETE FROM users`).toThrow(
+      /Raw\/escape operation "\$executeRaw" not permitted/,
+    );
+    expect(() => forwarded.db.$executeRawUnsafe!("DELETE FROM users")).toThrow(
+      /Raw\/escape operation "\$executeRawUnsafe" not permitted/,
+    );
+    expect(() => forwarded.db.$queryRawUnsafe!("SELECT 1")).toThrow(
+      /Raw\/escape operation "\$queryRawUnsafe" not permitted/,
+    );
+    expect(() => forwarded.db.$transaction!([])).toThrow(
+      /Raw\/escape operation "\$transaction" not permitted/,
+    );
+    expect(() => forwarded.db.$runCommandRaw!({})).toThrow(
+      /Raw\/escape operation "\$runCommandRaw" not permitted/,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("reads still succeed after forwarding (positive control)", async () => {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    const client = makeFakeClient() as any;
+    const proxied = createReadOnlyProxy(client);
+    const forwarded = forwardToCaller({ db: proxied }) as {
+      db: { user: { findUnique: (a: unknown) => Promise<unknown> } };
+    };
+
+    await expect(forwarded.db.user.findUnique({ where: { id: "u1" } })).resolves.toEqual({
+      id: "u1",
+    });
+  });
+});

packages/api/src/__tests__/ssrf-guard.test.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { assertWebhookUrlAllowed } from "../lib/ssrf-guard.js";
+import { __test__, assertWebhookUrlAllowed, resolveAndValidate } from "../lib/ssrf-guard.js";
 
 // Mock dns.lookup so tests do not require real DNS resolution.
+// The guard now calls lookup(host, { all: true }) and receives an array.
 vi.mock("node:dns/promises", () => ({
   lookup: vi.fn(async (hostname: string) => {
-    const mapping: Record<string, string> = {
+    const mapping: Record<string, Array<{ address: string; family: number }>> = {
-      "example.com": "93.184.216.34",
+      "example.com": [{ address: "93.184.216.34", family: 4 }],
-      "hooks.external.io": "52.1.2.3",
+      "hooks.external.io": [{ address: "52.1.2.3", family: 4 }],
     };
-    const ip = mapping[hostname];
+    const addrs = mapping[hostname];
-    if (!ip) throw new Error(`ENOTFOUND ${hostname}`);
+    if (!addrs) throw new Error(`ENOTFOUND ${hostname}`);
-    return { address: ip, family: 4 };
+    return addrs;
   }),
 }));
 
@@ -18,9 +19,7 @@ describe("assertWebhookUrlAllowed — SSRF guard", () => {
   // ── Allowed targets ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
   it("allows a valid HTTPS URL that resolves to a public IP", async () => {
-    await expect(
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://example.com/webhook")).resolves.toBeUndefined();
-      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://example.com/webhook"),
-    ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
   });
 
   it("allows an HTTPS URL with a path and query string", async () => {
@@ -32,29 +31,29 @@ describe("assertWebhookUrlAllowed — SSRF guard", () => {
   // ── Rejected schemes ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
   it("rejects an HTTP URL (only HTTPS allowed)", async () => {
-    await expect(
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("http://example.com/webhook")).rejects.toMatchObject({
-      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("http://example.com/webhook"),
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
-    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "BAD_REQUEST" });
+    });
   });
 
   it("rejects an FTP URL", async () => {
-    await expect(
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("ftp://example.com/file")).rejects.toMatchObject({
-      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("ftp://example.com/file"),
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
-    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "BAD_REQUEST" });
+    });
   });
 
   it("rejects a completely invalid URL", async () => {
-    await expect(
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("not-a-url")).rejects.toMatchObject({
-      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("not-a-url"),
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
-    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "BAD_REQUEST" });
+    });
   });
 
   // ── Blocked hostnames ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
   it("rejects localhost by hostname", async () => {
-    await expect(
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://localhost/callback")).rejects.toMatchObject({
-      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://localhost/callback"),
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
-    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "BAD_REQUEST" });
+    });
   });
 
   it("rejects the AWS cloud metadata endpoint by hostname", async () => {
@@ -72,39 +71,39 @@ describe("assertWebhookUrlAllowed — SSRF guard", () => {
   // ── Blocked IP ranges (direct IP addresses as hostname) ─────────────────────
 
   it("rejects IPv4 loopback 127.0.0.1", async () => {
-    await expect(
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://127.0.0.1/callback")).rejects.toMatchObject({
-      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://127.0.0.1/callback"),
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
-    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "BAD_REQUEST" });
+    });
   });
 
   it("rejects IPv4 loopback 127.1.2.3 (full /8 block)", async () => {
-    await expect(
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://127.1.2.3/callback")).rejects.toMatchObject({
-      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://127.1.2.3/callback"),
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
-    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "BAD_REQUEST" });
+    });
   });
 
   it("rejects RFC 1918 private address 10.0.0.1", async () => {
-    await expect(
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://10.0.0.1/callback")).rejects.toMatchObject({
-      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://10.0.0.1/callback"),
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
-    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "BAD_REQUEST" });
+    });
   });
 
   it("rejects RFC 1918 private address 172.16.0.1", async () => {
-    await expect(
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://172.16.0.1/callback")).rejects.toMatchObject({
-      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://172.16.0.1/callback"),
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
-    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "BAD_REQUEST" });
+    });
   });
 
   it("rejects RFC 1918 private address 192.168.1.100", async () => {
-    await expect(
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://192.168.1.100/callback")).rejects.toMatchObject({
-      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://192.168.1.100/callback"),
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
-    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "BAD_REQUEST" });
+    });
   });
 
   it("rejects link-local address 169.254.1.1", async () => {
-    await expect(
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://169.254.1.1/callback")).rejects.toMatchObject({
-      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://169.254.1.1/callback"),
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
-    ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "BAD_REQUEST" });
+    });
   });
 
   // ── DNS fail-closed behaviour ────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -120,10 +119,94 @@ describe("assertWebhookUrlAllowed — SSRF guard", () => {
 
   it("rejects a public hostname that resolves to a private IP (DNS rebinding)", async () => {
     const { lookup } = await import("node:dns/promises");
-    vi.mocked(lookup).mockResolvedValueOnce({ address: "192.168.0.1", family: 4 });
+    vi.mocked(lookup).mockResolvedValueOnce([{ address: "192.168.0.1", family: 4 }]);
 
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://rebind.example.com/hook")).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("rejects if ANY of the resolved addresses is private (multi-record attack)", async () => {
+    const { lookup } = await import("node:dns/promises");
+    vi.mocked(lookup).mockResolvedValueOnce([
+      { address: "93.184.216.34", family: 4 },
+      { address: "10.0.0.5", family: 4 },
+    ]);
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://multi.example.com/hook")).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("resolveAndValidate returns the first validated address for connection pinning", async () => {
+    const resolved = await resolveAndValidate("https://example.com/hook");
+    expect(resolved.address).toBe("93.184.216.34");
+    expect(resolved.family).toBe(4);
+    expect(resolved.hostname).toBe("example.com");
+  });
+
+  // ── IPv6 blocklist ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  it("rejects IPv6 loopback ::1", async () => {
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://[::1]/hook")).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("rejects IPv6 unique-local fc00::/7 (fc00::1)", async () => {
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://[fc00::1]/hook")).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("rejects IPv6 link-local fe80::/10 (fe80::1)", async () => {
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://[fe80::1]/hook")).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("rejects IPv4-mapped IPv6 (::ffff:192.168.1.1) pointing into private v4", async () => {
     await expect(
-      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://rebind.example.com/hook"),
+      assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://[::ffff:192.168.1.1]/hook"),
     ).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: "BAD_REQUEST" });
   });
+
+  it("rejects IPv6 multicast (ff02::1)", async () => {
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://[ff02::1]/hook")).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("rejects 0.0.0.0/8", async () => {
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://0.0.0.0/hook")).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("rejects 100.64.0.0/10 CGNAT", async () => {
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://100.64.1.1/hook")).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+    });
+    await expect(assertWebhookUrlAllowed("https://100.127.254.254/hook")).rejects.toMatchObject({
+      code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("accepts a 100.x address outside the CGNAT /10 (100.63.x is public)", async () => {
+    // 100.63.x is not in 100.64.0.0/10 — it is part of the public IANA pool.
+    expect(__test__.isBlockedIpv4("100.63.1.1")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects 198.18.0.0/15 benchmark and TEST-NET ranges", async () => {
+    expect(__test__.isBlockedIpv4("198.18.0.1")).toBe(true);
+    expect(__test__.isBlockedIpv4("192.0.2.1")).toBe(true);
+    expect(__test__.isBlockedIpv4("203.0.113.1")).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("expandIpv6 normalises short-form addresses to full 8-group form", () => {
+    expect(__test__.expandIpv6("::1")).toBe("0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001");
+    expect(__test__.expandIpv6("fe80::1")).toBe("fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001");
+    expect(__test__.expandIpv6("::ffff:192.168.1.1")).toBe(
+      "0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:ffff:c0a8:0101",
+    );
+  });
 });

packages/api/src/__tests__/user-role-permission-session-invalidation.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { SystemRole } from "@capakraken/shared";
+
+vi.mock("../lib/audit.js", () => ({ createAuditEntry: vi.fn() }));
+vi.mock("../lib/audit-helpers.js", () => ({
+  makeAuditLogger: () => vi.fn(),
+}));
+
+const invalidateRoleDefaultsCache = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+vi.mock("../trpc.js", () => ({
+  invalidateRoleDefaultsCache,
+}));
+
+import {
+  resetUserPermissions,
+  setUserPermissions,
+  updateUserRole,
+} from "../router/user-procedure-support.js";
+
+/**
+ * Ticket #57 — when a privileged-state mutation happens we MUST:
+ *   1. delete every ActiveSession for the affected user (forces next-request
+ *      re-auth, because the tRPC route validates `jti` against ActiveSession),
+ *   2. call `invalidateRoleDefaultsCache()` so peer instances drop their
+ *      10 s cache entries via the Redis pub/sub fan-out.
+ *
+ * Without (1), a demoted admin keeps their JWT valid until it expires, so
+ * permissions resolved server-side still reflect the old role. Without (2),
+ * peer instances keep serving the old role defaults for up to the TTL.
+ */
+describe("RBAC mutation side effects (#57)", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  function makeCtx(dbOverrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
+    const defaultDb = {
+      user: {
+        findUnique: vi.fn(),
+        update: vi.fn(),
+      },
+      activeSession: {
+        deleteMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ count: 3 }),
+      },
+      ...dbOverrides,
+    };
+    return {
+      ctx: {
+        db: defaultDb as never,
+        dbUser: {
+          id: "admin_1",
+          systemRole: SystemRole.ADMIN,
+          permissionOverrides: null,
+        },
+        session: {
+          user: { email: "admin@example.com", name: "Admin", image: null },
+          expires: "2099-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
+        },
+      },
+      db: defaultDb,
+    };
+  }
+
+  describe("updateUserRole", () => {
+    it("deletes active sessions and invalidates cache when role changes", async () => {
+      const { ctx, db } = makeCtx({
+        user: {
+          findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+            id: "user_victim",
+            name: "Victim",
+            email: "victim@example.com",
+            systemRole: SystemRole.ADMIN,
+          }),
+          update: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+            id: "user_victim",
+            name: "Victim",
+            email: "victim@example.com",
+            systemRole: SystemRole.USER,
+          }),
+        },
+      });
+
+      await updateUserRole(ctx as never, {
+        id: "user_victim",
+        systemRole: SystemRole.USER,
+      });
+
+      expect(db.activeSession.deleteMany).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        where: { userId: "user_victim" },
+      });
+      expect(invalidateRoleDefaultsCache).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it("does NOT delete sessions or invalidate when role is unchanged", async () => {
+      const { ctx, db } = makeCtx({
+        user: {
+          findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+            id: "user_1",
+            name: "Alice",
+            email: "alice@example.com",
+            systemRole: SystemRole.MANAGER,
+          }),
+          update: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+            id: "user_1",
+            name: "Alice",
+            email: "alice@example.com",
+            systemRole: SystemRole.MANAGER,
+          }),
+        },
+      });
+
+      await updateUserRole(ctx as never, {
+        id: "user_1",
+        systemRole: SystemRole.MANAGER,
+      });
+
+      expect(db.activeSession.deleteMany).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(invalidateRoleDefaultsCache).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("setUserPermissions", () => {
+    it("deletes active sessions and invalidates cache on every call", async () => {
+      const { ctx, db } = makeCtx({
+        user: {
+          findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+            id: "user_1",
+            name: "Alice",
+            email: "alice@example.com",
+            permissionOverrides: null,
+          }),
+          update: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+            id: "user_1",
+            name: "Alice",
+            email: "alice@example.com",
+            permissionOverrides: { granted: ["x"], denied: [] },
+          }),
+        },
+      });
+
+      await setUserPermissions(ctx as never, {
+        userId: "user_1",
+        overrides: { granted: ["x"], denied: [] },
+      });
+
+      expect(db.activeSession.deleteMany).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        where: { userId: "user_1" },
+      });
+      expect(invalidateRoleDefaultsCache).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("resetUserPermissions", () => {
+    it("deletes active sessions and invalidates cache", async () => {
+      const { ctx, db } = makeCtx({
+        user: {
+          findUnique: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+            id: "user_1",
+            name: "Alice",
+            email: "alice@example.com",
+            permissionOverrides: { granted: ["x"], denied: [] },
+          }),
+          update: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+            id: "user_1",
+            name: "Alice",
+            email: "alice@example.com",
+            permissionOverrides: null,
+          }),
+        },
+      });
+
+      await resetUserPermissions(ctx as never, { userId: "user_1" });
+
+      expect(db.activeSession.deleteMany).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        where: { userId: "user_1" },
+      });
+      expect(invalidateRoleDefaultsCache).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+  });
+});

packages/api/src/__tests__/user-router.test.ts

@@ -49,12 +49,20 @@ vi.mock("otpauth", () => {
 const createCaller = createCallerFactory(userRouter);
 
 function createAdminCaller(db: Record<string, unknown>) {
+  // Provide a no-op activeSession stub by default — some mutation paths
+  // (setPermissions / resetPermissions / updateRole, see ticket #57) now
+  // invalidate active sessions to force a re-login on privilege changes.
+  // Individual tests can override by passing their own `activeSession` key.
+  const dbWithDefaults = {
+    activeSession: { deleteMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ count: 0 }) },
+    ...db,
+  };
   return createCaller({
     session: {
       user: { email: "admin@example.com", name: "Admin", image: null },
       expires: "2099-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
     },
-    db: db as never,
+    db: dbWithDefaults as never,
     dbUser: {
       id: "user_admin",
       systemRole: SystemRole.ADMIN,
@@ -716,19 +724,26 @@ describe("user profile and TOTP self-service", () => {
       totpEnabled: false,
     });
     const update = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({});
+    const updateMany = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ count: 1 });
     const caller = createAdminCaller({
       user: {
         findUnique,
         update,
+        updateMany,
       },
     });
 
     const result = await caller.verifyAndEnableTotp({ token: "123456" });
 
     expect(result).toEqual({ enabled: true });
+    // lastTotpAt is written atomically by updateMany (the replay guard);
+    // user.update only toggles the enabled flag after the CAS succeeds.
+    expect(updateMany).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({ data: { lastTotpAt: expect.any(Date) } }),
+    );
     expect(update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       where: { id: "user_admin" },
-      data: { totpEnabled: true, lastTotpAt: expect.any(Date) },
+      data: { totpEnabled: true },
     });
   });
 
@@ -743,10 +758,12 @@ describe("user profile and TOTP self-service", () => {
       lastTotpAt: null,
     });
     const update = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({});
+    const updateMany = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ count: 1 });
     const caller = createAdminCaller({
       user: {
         findUnique,
         update,
+        updateMany,
       },
     });
 
@@ -757,10 +774,9 @@ describe("user profile and TOTP self-service", () => {
       where: { id: "user_admin" },
       select: { id: true, totpSecret: true, totpEnabled: true, lastTotpAt: true },
     });
-    expect(update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+    expect(updateMany).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      where: { id: "user_admin" },
+      expect.objectContaining({ data: { lastTotpAt: expect.any(Date) } }),
-      data: { lastTotpAt: expect.any(Date) },
+    );
-    });
   });
 
   it("rejects invalid login-flow TOTP tokens with UNAUTHORIZED", async () => {

packages/api/src/__tests__/user-self-service-mfa.test.ts

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ function makeSelfServiceCtx(dbOverrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
       user: {
         findUnique: vi.fn(),
         update: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+        updateMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ count: 1 }),
         ...((dbOverrides.user as object | undefined) ?? {}),
       },
       auditLog: {
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ function makePublicCtx(overrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
       user: {
         findUnique: vi.fn(),
         update: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+        updateMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ count: 1 }),
         ...((overrides.user as object | undefined) ?? {}),
       },
     },
@@ -152,9 +154,12 @@ describe("verifyAndEnableTotp", () => {
       token: "123456",
     });
     expect(result).toEqual({ enabled: true });
+    expect(ctx.db.user.updateMany).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({ data: { lastTotpAt: expect.any(Date) } }),
+    );
     expect(ctx.db.user.update).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
       where: { id: "user_1" },
-      data: { totpEnabled: true, lastTotpAt: expect.any(Date) },
+      data: { totpEnabled: true },
     });
   });
 

packages/api/src/__tests__/webhook-dispatcher.test.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,24 @@ vi.mock("../lib/logger.js", () => ({
   },
 }));
 
+// Dispatcher now resolves+validates DNS before opening the HTTPS socket.
+// Mock node:dns/promises so tests do not require real network.
+vi.mock("node:dns/promises", () => ({
+  lookup: vi.fn(async (_hostname: string, _opts?: unknown) => [
+    { address: "93.184.216.34", family: 4 },
+  ]),
+}));
+
+// Mock node:https so we never open a real socket. The dispatcher calls
+// https.request(opts, cb); we return a minimal EventEmitter-like stub.
+const { httpsRequestMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  httpsRequestMock: vi.fn(),
+}));
+vi.mock("node:https", () => ({
+  Agent: vi.fn(() => ({})),
+  request: httpsRequestMock,
+}));
+
 describe("webhook dispatcher logging", () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.clearAllMocks();
@@ -82,11 +100,19 @@ describe("webhook dispatcher logging", () => {
   });
 
   it("treats non-2xx HTTP webhook responses as delivery failures", async () => {
-    const fetchMock = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    // Stub https.request to deliver a 500 response synchronously via the
-      ok: false,
+    // response callback, so the dispatcher sees a non-2xx and logs a warn.
-      status: 500,
+    httpsRequestMock.mockImplementation(
-    });
+      (_opts: unknown, cb: (res: { statusCode: number; resume: () => void }) => void) => {
-    vi.stubGlobal("fetch", fetchMock);
+        queueMicrotask(() => cb({ statusCode: 500, resume: () => {} }));
+        return {
+          on: vi.fn(),
+          write: vi.fn(),
+          end: vi.fn(),
+          destroy: vi.fn(),
+        };
+      },
+    );
 
     const db = {
       webhook: {
@@ -117,6 +143,66 @@ describe("webhook dispatcher logging", () => {
       );
     });
 
-    expect(fetchMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(httpsRequestMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    // Verify the pinned IP was passed via the lookup override on the Agent.
+    const firstCall = httpsRequestMock.mock.calls[0]![0] as {
+      host: string;
+      servername: string;
+      agent: { lookup?: unknown };
+    };
+    expect(firstCall.host).toBe("example.com");
+    expect(firstCall.servername).toBe("example.com");
+  });
+
+  it("pins the validated IP via the HTTPS Agent.lookup override (DNS-rebind defence)", async () => {
+    const { Agent } = await import("node:https");
+    const AgentMock = vi.mocked(Agent);
+    AgentMock.mockClear();
+
+    httpsRequestMock.mockImplementation(
+      (_opts: unknown, cb: (res: { statusCode: number; resume: () => void }) => void) => {
+        queueMicrotask(() => cb({ statusCode: 204, resume: () => {} }));
+        return {
+          on: vi.fn(),
+          write: vi.fn(),
+          end: vi.fn(),
+          destroy: vi.fn(),
+        };
+      },
+    );
+
+    const db = {
+      webhook: {
+        findMany: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue([
+          {
+            id: "wh_rebind_1",
+            name: "Pinned Webhook",
+            url: "https://example.com/hook",
+            secret: null,
+            events: ["project.created"],
+          },
+        ]),
+      },
+    };
+
+    dispatchWebhooks(db, "project.created", { id: "p1" });
+
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(httpsRequestMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1));
+
+    expect(AgentMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    const agentOptions = AgentMock.mock.calls[0]![0] as {
+      lookup?: (
+        host: string,
+        opts: unknown,
+        cb: (err: null, addr: string, family: number) => void,
+      ) => void;
+    };
+    expect(typeof agentOptions.lookup).toBe("function");
+
+    // Invoke the lookup override to confirm it returns the pre-validated IP,
+    // NOT whatever DNS might be returning right now.
+    const cb = vi.fn();
+    agentOptions.lookup!("example.com", {}, cb);
+    expect(cb).toHaveBeenCalledWith(null, "93.184.216.34", 4);
   });
 });

packages/api/src/lib/__tests__/totp-consume.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { consumeTotpWindow } from "../totp-consume.js";
+
+describe("consumeTotpWindow — atomic replay guard", () => {
+  let updateMany: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  let db: { user: { updateMany: typeof updateMany } };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    updateMany = vi.fn();
+    db = { user: { updateMany } };
+  });
+
+  it("returns true when the update affected a row", async () => {
+    updateMany.mockResolvedValue({ count: 1 });
+    await expect(consumeTotpWindow(db, "user-1")).resolves.toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("returns false when another concurrent request already consumed the window", async () => {
+    updateMany.mockResolvedValue({ count: 0 });
+    await expect(consumeTotpWindow(db, "user-1")).resolves.toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("issues a WHERE clause that only updates null or older-than-30-s rows", async () => {
+    updateMany.mockResolvedValue({ count: 1 });
+    const now = new Date("2026-04-17T12:00:30.000Z");
+    await consumeTotpWindow(db, "user-1", now);
+
+    expect(updateMany).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    const call = updateMany.mock.calls[0]![0] as {
+      where: { id: string; OR: Array<{ lastTotpAt: unknown }> };
+      data: { lastTotpAt: Date };
+    };
+    expect(call.where.id).toBe("user-1");
+    expect(call.where.OR).toEqual([
+      { lastTotpAt: null },
+      { lastTotpAt: { lt: new Date("2026-04-17T12:00:00.000Z") } },
+    ]);
+    expect(call.data.lastTotpAt).toEqual(now);
+  });
+
+  it("simulated race: two parallel calls — exactly one wins", async () => {
+    // Model Postgres row-lock serialisation: the first updateMany to land
+    // sees count=1, the second (in the same 30-s window) sees count=0.
+    let served = 0;
+    updateMany.mockImplementation(async () => {
+      await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 1));
+      return { count: served++ === 0 ? 1 : 0 };
+    });
+
+    const [a, b] = await Promise.all([
+      consumeTotpWindow(db, "user-1"),
+      consumeTotpWindow(db, "user-1"),
+    ]);
+
+    expect([a, b].sort()).toEqual([false, true]);
+    expect(updateMany).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
+});

packages/api/src/lib/audit.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,61 @@ interface CreateAuditEntryParams {
 
 const INTERNAL_FIELDS = new Set(["id", "createdAt", "updatedAt"]);
 
+// Field names whose values are never safe to persist into the audit log.
+// Matching is case-insensitive and applied at every level of the object graph.
+const SENSITIVE_FIELD_NAMES = new Set([
+  "password",
+  "newpassword",
+  "currentpassword",
+  "oldpassword",
+  "passwordhash",
+  "passwordconfirmation",
+  "confirmpassword",
+  "token",
+  "accesstoken",
+  "refreshtoken",
+  "sessiontoken",
+  "apikey",
+  "authorization",
+  "cookie",
+  "secret",
+  "totpsecret",
+  "backupcode",
+  "backupcodes",
+]);
+
+const REDACTED_PLACEHOLDER = "[REDACTED]";
+const MAX_REDACT_DEPTH = 8;
+
+/**
+ * Recursively strip values of fields whose names appear in SENSITIVE_FIELD_NAMES.
+ * Used to prevent password/token leaks into the audit log JSONB column.
+ *
+ * The pino logger has its own redact config for stdout; this function is the
+ * DB-write equivalent.
+ */
+function redactSensitive(value: unknown, depth: number = 0): unknown {
+  if (depth > MAX_REDACT_DEPTH) return value;
+  if (value === null || value === undefined) return value;
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return value.map((v) => redactSensitive(v, depth + 1));
+  }
+  if (typeof value === "object") {
+    const out: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(value as Record<string, unknown>)) {
+      if (SENSITIVE_FIELD_NAMES.has(k.toLowerCase())) {
+        out[k] = REDACTED_PLACEHOLDER;
+      } else {
+        out[k] = redactSensitive(v, depth + 1);
+      }
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+export const __test__ = { redactSensitive, SENSITIVE_FIELD_NAMES };
+
 /**
  * Compare two snapshots and return only the changed fields.
  * Skips internal fields (id, createdAt, updatedAt).
@@ -91,15 +146,34 @@ export function generateSummary(
  */
 export async function createAuditEntry(params: CreateAuditEntryParams): Promise<void> {
   try {
-    const { db, entityType, entityId, entityName, action, userId, before, after, source, metadata } = params;
+    const {
+      db,
+      entityType,
+      entityId,
+      entityName,
+      action,
+      userId,
+      before,
+      after,
+      source,
+      metadata,
+    } = params;
     const auditLog = (db as Partial<PrismaClient>).auditLog;
 
     if (!auditLog || typeof auditLog.create !== "function") {
       return;
     }
 
+    // Redact sensitive field values before anything else — diffs and summaries
+    // must all be derived from already-sanitised snapshots.
+    const safeBefore = before ? (redactSensitive(before) as Record<string, unknown>) : undefined;
+    const safeAfter = after ? (redactSensitive(after) as Record<string, unknown>) : undefined;
+    const safeMetadata = metadata
+      ? (redactSensitive(metadata) as Record<string, unknown>)
+      : undefined;
+
     // Compute diff if both snapshots are available
-    const diff = before && after ? computeDiff(before, after) : undefined;
+    const diff = safeBefore && safeAfter ? computeDiff(safeBefore, safeAfter) : undefined;
 
     // Skip UPDATE entries where nothing actually changed
     if (action === "UPDATE" && diff && Object.keys(diff).length === 0) {
@@ -111,10 +185,10 @@ export async function createAuditEntry(params: CreateAuditEntryParams): Promise<
 
     // Build the changes JSONB payload
     const changes: Record<string, unknown> = {};
-    if (before) changes.before = before;
+    if (safeBefore) changes.before = safeBefore;
-    if (after) changes.after = after;
+    if (safeAfter) changes.after = safeAfter;
     if (diff) changes.diff = diff;
-    if (metadata) changes.metadata = metadata;
+    if (safeMetadata) changes.metadata = safeMetadata;
 
     await auditLog.create({
       data: {
@@ -130,6 +204,9 @@ export async function createAuditEntry(params: CreateAuditEntryParams): Promise<
     });
   } catch (error) {
     // Fire-and-forget: log but never propagate
-    logger.error({ err: error, entityType: params.entityType, entityId: params.entityId }, "Failed to create audit entry");
+    logger.error(
+      { err: error, entityType: params.entityType, entityId: params.entityId },
+      "Failed to create audit entry",
+    );
   }
 }

packages/api/src/lib/ssrf-guard.ts

@@ -1,44 +1,131 @@
 /**
  * SSRF guard for outbound webhook URLs.
  *
- * Validates that a target URL is not pointing to internal/private infrastructure
+ * Blocks IPv4 RFC-1918, loopback, link-local, CGNAT, cloud-metadata IPs, as
- * before allowing a webhook to be stored or dispatched.
+ * well as IPv6 loopback, link-local (fe80::/10), unique-local (fc00::/7), and
+ * IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses (::ffff:...). Resolves the hostname with
+ * `all: true` so a DNS record returning multiple addresses is rejected if
+ * ANY of them is private — an attacker who adds a private A record alongside
+ * a public one cannot smuggle past by hoping the fetch picks the "good" IP.
+ *
+ * DNS-rebinding defence: callers that are about to open a connection should
+ * use `resolveAndValidate()` and then pass the returned `address` through
+ * a `lookup` override on their HTTPS agent so the TCP connect uses the
+ * validated IP, not a freshly-resolved one that the attacker may have
+ * flipped after the check. See `webhook-dispatcher.ts`.
  */
-import { lookup } from "node:dns/promises";
+import { lookup as dnsLookup } from "node:dns/promises";
+import { isIP } from "node:net";
 import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
 
-/** Regex patterns matching IP ranges that must not be targeted. */
+const IPV4_BLOCK_PATTERNS: RegExp[] = [
-const BLOCKED_IP_PATTERNS: RegExp[] = [
+  /^0\./, // 0.0.0.0/8 — "this network"
-  // Loopback IPv4
+  /^10\./, // RFC 1918
-  /^127\./,
+  /^100\.(6[4-9]|[7-9]\d|1[01]\d|12[0-7])\./, // 100.64.0.0/10 CGNAT
-  // Loopback IPv6
+  /^127\./, // loopback
-  /^::1$/,
+  /^169\.254\./, // link-local incl. AWS/Azure/GCP metadata 169.254.169.254
-  // RFC 1918 private
+  /^172\.(1[6-9]|2\d|3[01])\./, // RFC 1918
-  /^10\./,
+  /^192\.0\.0\./, // RFC 6890 IETF protocol assignments
-  /^172\.(1[6-9]|2\d|3[01])\./,
+  /^192\.0\.2\./, // TEST-NET-1
-  /^192\.168\./,
+  /^192\.168\./, // RFC 1918
-  // Link-local
+  /^198\.(1[89])\./, // 198.18.0.0/15 benchmarking
-  /^169\.254\./,
+  /^198\.51\.100\./, // TEST-NET-2
-  // Cloud metadata (AWS, GCP, Azure)
+  /^203\.0\.113\./, // TEST-NET-3
-  /^100\.64\./,
+  /^2(2[4-9]|3\d)\./, // 224.0.0.0/4 multicast
+  /^2(4\d|5[0-5])\./, // 240.0.0.0/4 reserved + 255.255.255.255 broadcast
 ];
 
-/** Hostnames that must never be resolved or contacted. */
+function isBlockedIpv4(ip: string): boolean {
-const BLOCKED_HOSTNAMES = new Set([
+  return IPV4_BLOCK_PATTERNS.some((re) => re.test(ip));
-  "localhost",
-  "metadata.google.internal",
-  "169.254.169.254",
-]);
-
-function isBlockedIp(ip: string): boolean {
-  return BLOCKED_IP_PATTERNS.some((re) => re.test(ip));
 }
 
 /**
- * Throws a TRPCError if the given URL targets internal/private infrastructure.
+ * Expand an IPv6 address to its full 8-group form so prefix matches work
- * Performs DNS resolution to catch attempts to bypass hostname checks.
+ * reliably (::1 → 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001).
  */
-export async function assertWebhookUrlAllowed(urlString: string): Promise<void> {
+function expandIpv6(ip: string): string {
+  const lower = ip.toLowerCase().replace(/%.*$/, ""); // strip zone-id
+  // Handle IPv4-mapped suffix, e.g. ::ffff:192.168.0.1 → ::ffff:c0a8:0001
+  const ipv4MappedMatch = lower.match(/^(.*:)(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})$/);
+  let working = lower;
+  if (ipv4MappedMatch) {
+    const [, prefix, v4] = ipv4MappedMatch;
+    const parts = v4!.split(".").map((n) => Number.parseInt(n, 10));
+    if (parts.length === 4 && parts.every((n) => n >= 0 && n <= 255)) {
+      const hi = ((parts[0]! << 8) | parts[1]!).toString(16);
+      const lo = ((parts[2]! << 8) | parts[3]!).toString(16);
+      working = `${prefix}${hi}:${lo}`;
+    }
+  }
+  const parts = working.split("::");
+  const head = parts[0] === "" ? [] : parts[0]!.split(":");
+  const tail = parts.length > 1 ? (parts[1] === "" ? [] : parts[1]!.split(":")) : [];
+  const missing = 8 - head.length - tail.length;
+  const zeros = Array.from({ length: Math.max(0, missing) }, () => "0");
+  const full = parts.length === 1 ? head : [...head, ...zeros, ...tail];
+  return full.map((g) => g.padStart(4, "0")).join(":");
+}
+
+function isBlockedIpv6(ip: string): boolean {
+  const expanded = expandIpv6(ip);
+  // ::1 loopback
+  if (expanded === "0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001") return true;
+  // :: unspecified
+  if (expanded === "0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000") return true;
+  // IPv4-mapped ::ffff:0:0/96 — extract the embedded v4 and run the v4 check
+  if (expanded.startsWith("0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:ffff:")) {
+    const g6 = expanded.split(":")[6]!;
+    const g7 = expanded.split(":")[7]!;
+    const v4 = [
+      Number.parseInt(g6.slice(0, 2), 16),
+      Number.parseInt(g6.slice(2, 4), 16),
+      Number.parseInt(g7.slice(0, 2), 16),
+      Number.parseInt(g7.slice(2, 4), 16),
+    ].join(".");
+    return isBlockedIpv4(v4);
+  }
+  // fc00::/7 unique-local — first byte starts with 1111110x → fc or fd
+  if (/^f[cd]/.test(expanded)) return true;
+  // fe80::/10 link-local — first 10 bits 1111111010 → fe80..febf
+  if (/^fe[89ab]/.test(expanded)) return true;
+  // ff00::/8 multicast
+  if (/^ff/.test(expanded)) return true;
+  // 2001:db8::/32 documentation
+  if (expanded.startsWith("2001:0db8:")) return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+function isBlockedIp(ip: string): boolean {
+  const family = isIP(ip);
+  if (family === 4) return isBlockedIpv4(ip);
+  if (family === 6) return isBlockedIpv6(ip);
+  // Not a valid IP — err on the side of caution.
+  return true;
+}
+
+const BLOCKED_HOSTNAMES = new Set([
+  "localhost",
+  "ip6-localhost",
+  "ip6-loopback",
+  "metadata.google.internal",
+  "metadata.goog",
+  "169.254.169.254",
+]);
+
+export interface ResolvedHost {
+  hostname: string;
+  /** The pre-validated address to dial. */
+  address: string;
+  family: 4 | 6;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the given URL's hostname, validate every address against the
+ * SSRF blocklist, and return the first valid address for connection pinning.
+ * Rejects the URL if ANY resolved address is private — an attacker cannot
+ * evade by adding a private A record to a public-looking hostname.
+ */
+export async function resolveAndValidate(urlString: string): Promise<ResolvedHost> {
   let parsed: URL;
   try {
     parsed = new URL(urlString);
@@ -50,21 +137,55 @@ export async function assertWebhookUrlAllowed(urlString: string): Promise<void>
     throw new TRPCError({ code: "BAD_REQUEST", message: "Webhook URLs must use HTTPS." });
   }
 
-  const hostname = parsed.hostname.toLowerCase();
+  const hostname = parsed.hostname.toLowerCase().replace(/^\[|\]$/g, "");
 
   if (BLOCKED_HOSTNAMES.has(hostname)) {
     throw new TRPCError({ code: "BAD_REQUEST", message: "Webhook URL target is not allowed." });
   }
 
-  // Resolve hostname and validate the resulting IP address
+  // Literal IP hostnames: validate directly without DNS.
-  try {
+  const literalFamily = isIP(hostname);
-    const { address } = await lookup(hostname);
+  if (literalFamily !== 0) {
-    if (isBlockedIp(address) || BLOCKED_HOSTNAMES.has(address)) {
+    if (isBlockedIp(hostname)) {
-      throw new TRPCError({ code: "BAD_REQUEST", message: "Webhook URL target is not allowed." });
+      throw new TRPCError({
+        code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+        message: "Webhook URL target is not allowed.",
+      });
     }
-  } catch (err) {
+    return { hostname, address: hostname, family: literalFamily as 4 | 6 };
-    if (err instanceof TRPCError) throw err;
+  }
-    // DNS resolution failed — block by default (fail-closed)
+
+  let addresses: Array<{ address: string; family: number }>;
+  try {
+    addresses = await dnsLookup(hostname, { all: true });
+  } catch {
     throw new TRPCError({ code: "BAD_REQUEST", message: "Webhook URL could not be validated." });
   }
+  if (addresses.length === 0) {
+    throw new TRPCError({ code: "BAD_REQUEST", message: "Webhook URL could not be validated." });
+  }
+
+  for (const { address } of addresses) {
+    if (isBlockedIp(address) || BLOCKED_HOSTNAMES.has(address)) {
+      throw new TRPCError({
+        code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+        message: "Webhook URL target is not allowed.",
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  const first = addresses[0]!;
+  return { hostname, address: first.address, family: first.family as 4 | 6 };
 }
+
+/**
+ * Throws a TRPCError if the given URL targets internal/private infrastructure.
+ * Preserved as a compatibility entrypoint for callers that only need the
+ * allow/deny decision without the pinned address.
+ */
+export async function assertWebhookUrlAllowed(urlString: string): Promise<void> {
+  await resolveAndValidate(urlString);
+}
+
+/** Exposed for unit tests. */
+export const __test__ = { isBlockedIpv4, isBlockedIpv6, expandIpv6, isBlockedIp };

packages/api/src/lib/totp-consume.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Atomic compare-and-swap for TOTP replay-window consumption.
+//
+// The old code path was: SELECT lastTotpAt → compare in JS → UPDATE. Two
+// concurrent requests with the same valid 6-digit code both see a stale
+// (or null) lastTotpAt, both pass the in-JS check, and both succeed. A
+// stolen TOTP (shoulder-surf, phishing-proxy replay) is therefore usable
+// twice within its 30 s window — the MFA design promise is violated.
+//
+// A single `updateMany` expresses the entire precondition in SQL: the WHERE
+// clause guarantees the row has not been consumed in the last 30 s, and the
+// SET sets the new timestamp. PostgreSQL's row-level lock serialises the two
+// racing writes; whichever commits second sees rows-affected = 0 and the
+// caller treats it as a replay.
+//
+// The 30 000 ms window matches the TOTP period (RFC 6238) — codes are
+// validated with `window: 1` so adjacent periods are still accepted; the
+// anti-replay check is the tighter per-code, per-user bound.
+
+// Intentionally loose structural type — Prisma's generated signature is a
+// deeply-inferred generic that does not simplify to a friendly shape; we only
+// need updateMany() with the documented args and a `{ count }` result.
+// Keeping the internal cast isolated here means every callsite stays
+// strictly typed.
+interface TotpConsumeDb {
+  user: {
+    updateMany: (args: {
+      where: { id: string; OR: Array<{ lastTotpAt: Date | { lt: Date } | null }> };
+      data: { lastTotpAt: Date };
+    }) => Promise<{ count: number }>;
+  };
+}
+
+export async function consumeTotpWindow(
+  db: { user: { updateMany: (...args: never[]) => unknown } },
+  userId: string,
+  now: Date = new Date(),
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  const typed = db as unknown as TotpConsumeDb;
+  const windowStart = new Date(now.getTime() - 30_000);
+  const result = await typed.user.updateMany({
+    where: {
+      id: userId,
+      OR: [{ lastTotpAt: null }, { lastTotpAt: { lt: windowStart } }],
+    },
+    data: { lastTotpAt: now },
+  });
+  return result.count > 0;
+}

packages/api/src/lib/webhook-dispatcher.ts

@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@
  * Fire-and-forget — errors are logged, never thrown.
  */
 import { createHmac } from "node:crypto";
+import { Agent, request } from "node:https";
 import { logger } from "./logger.js";
 import { sendSlackNotification } from "./slack-notify.js";
-import { assertWebhookUrlAllowed } from "./ssrf-guard.js";
+import { resolveAndValidate } from "./ssrf-guard.js";
 
 /** Available webhook event types. */
 export const WEBHOOK_EVENTS = [
@@ -27,9 +28,7 @@ export type WebhookEvent = (typeof WEBHOOK_EVENTS)[number];
 
 interface MinimalDb {
   webhook: {
-    findMany: (args: {
+    findMany: (args: { where: { isActive: boolean; events: { has: string } } }) => Promise<
-      where: { isActive: boolean; events: { has: string } };
-    }) => Promise<
       Array<{
         id: string;
         name: string;
@@ -68,9 +67,7 @@ async function _dispatch(
     const timestamp = new Date().toISOString();
     const body = JSON.stringify({ event, timestamp, payload });
 
-    const promises = webhooks.map((wh) =>
+    const promises = webhooks.map((wh) => _sendToWebhook(wh, event, body, timestamp, payload));
-      _sendToWebhook(wh, event, body, timestamp, payload),
-    );
 
     await Promise.allSettled(promises);
   } catch (err) {
@@ -86,7 +83,12 @@ async function _sendToWebhook(
   payload: Record<string, unknown>,
 ): Promise<void> {
   try {
-    await assertWebhookUrlAllowed(wh.url);
+    // Resolve + validate ALL DNS records in a single pass and capture the
+    // first validated IP. The IP is then pinned at TCP-connect time via a
+    // custom `lookup` override on the HTTPS agent so a DNS rebind between
+    // the guard check and the socket `connect()` cannot redirect the dial
+    // to an internal address.
+    const resolved = await resolveAndValidate(wh.url);
 
     // Slack-specific path: use the Slack notification helper.
     // Use strict hostname match to prevent bypass via "hooks.slack.com.attacker.example.com".
@@ -101,32 +103,15 @@ async function _sendToWebhook(
       "Content-Type": "application/json",
       "X-Webhook-Event": event,
       "X-Webhook-Timestamp": timestamp,
+      "Content-Length": Buffer.byteLength(body).toString(),
     };
 
     if (wh.secret) {
-      const signature = createHmac("sha256", wh.secret)
+      const signature = createHmac("sha256", wh.secret).update(body).digest("hex");
-        .update(body)
-        .digest("hex");
       headers["X-Webhook-Signature"] = signature;
     }
 
-    const controller = new AbortController();
+    await dispatchHttpsRequest(wh.url, resolved, headers, body);
-    const timeout = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), 5_000);
-
-    try {
-      const response = await fetch(wh.url, {
-        method: "POST",
-        headers,
-        body,
-        signal: controller.signal,
-      });
-
-      if (!response.ok) {
-        throw new Error(`Webhook responded with HTTP ${response.status}`);
-      }
-    } finally {
-      clearTimeout(timeout);
-    }
   } catch (err) {
     logger.warn(
       { err, event, webhookId: wh.id, webhookName: wh.name, webhookUrl: wh.url },
@@ -135,13 +120,58 @@ async function _sendToWebhook(
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Dispatch a POST to the resolved+validated target using a custom
+ * `https.Agent` whose DNS lookup is pinned to the address the guard
+ * already approved. The real hostname is still used for SNI/Host so
+ * certificate validation works unchanged.
+ */
+async function dispatchHttpsRequest(
+  url: string,
+  resolved: { address: string; family: 4 | 6 },
+  headers: Record<string, string>,
+  body: string,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const parsed = new URL(url);
+  const pinnedAgent = new Agent({
+    keepAlive: false,
+    lookup: (_hostname, _opts, cb) => cb(null, resolved.address, resolved.family),
+  });
+
+  await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+    const req = request(
+      {
+        host: parsed.hostname,
+        port: parsed.port || 443,
+        path: parsed.pathname + parsed.search,
+        method: "POST",
+        headers,
+        agent: pinnedAgent,
+        timeout: 5_000,
+        servername: parsed.hostname,
+      },
+      (res) => {
+        res.resume();
+        if (res.statusCode && res.statusCode >= 200 && res.statusCode < 300) {
+          resolve();
+        } else {
+          reject(new Error(`Webhook responded with HTTP ${res.statusCode}`));
+        }
+      },
+    );
+    req.on("timeout", () => {
+      req.destroy(new Error("Webhook request timed out"));
+    });
+    req.on("error", (err) => reject(err));
+    req.write(body);
+    req.end();
+  });
+}
+
 /**
  * Format a human-readable Slack message from a webhook event.
  */
-function formatSlackMessage(
+function formatSlackMessage(event: string, payload: Record<string, unknown>): string {
-  event: string,
-  payload: Record<string, unknown>,
-): string {
   const label = event.replace(/\./g, " ").replace(/\b\w/g, (c) => c.toUpperCase());
   const id = (payload["id"] as string) ?? (payload["projectId"] as string) ?? "";
   const name = (payload["name"] as string) ?? "";

packages/api/src/router/assistant-tools/helpers.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,43 @@ export class AssistantVisibleError extends Error {
   }
 }
 
+// Signatures of raw Prisma / database errors that must never reach the LLM.
+// We'd rather surface a generic "Invalid input" than leak column names, FK
+// relation paths, or the offending value from a unique-constraint failure
+// (which can include user PII on a second write attempt).
+const PRISMA_LEAK_SIGNATURES = [
+  /Invalid\s+`prisma\./i,
+  /Unique constraint failed on the fields?:/i,
+  /Foreign key constraint failed on the field/i,
+  /An operation failed because it depends on one or more records/i,
+  /The column\s+`[^`]+`\s+does not exist/i,
+  /relation\s+"[^"]+"\s+does not exist/i,
+  /duplicate key value violates unique constraint/i,
+  /null value in column\s+"/i,
+  /violates (?:check|not-null|foreign key) constraint/i,
+];
+
+const SAFE_ERROR_FALLBACK = "Invalid input";
+const MAX_ASSISTANT_ERROR_LENGTH = 500;
+
+/**
+ * Sanitises a TRPCError / downstream error message before it's handed back
+ * to the LLM. Hand-written BAD_REQUEST / CONFLICT messages in routers are
+ * user-safe, but a subset of error paths pass raw Prisma text straight
+ * through — that would leak schema details (column names, relation paths,
+ * offending values) into chat context and, transitively, into audit JSONB.
+ *
+ * Strategy: regex-detect Prisma-flavoured signatures and replace with a
+ * generic fallback. Also hard-cap length as a belt-and-suspenders defence
+ * against stack-trace-like payloads.
+ */
+export function sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(message: string): string {
+  if (!message) return SAFE_ERROR_FALLBACK;
+  if (message.length > MAX_ASSISTANT_ERROR_LENGTH) return SAFE_ERROR_FALLBACK;
+  if (PRISMA_LEAK_SIGNATURES.some((re) => re.test(message))) return SAFE_ERROR_FALLBACK;
+  return message;
+}
+
 export function assertPermission(ctx: ToolContext, perm: PermissionKey): void {
   if (!ctx.permissions.has(perm)) {
     throw new AssistantVisibleError(
@@ -293,7 +330,7 @@ export function toAssistantTimelineMutationError(
     }
 
     if (error.code === "BAD_REQUEST" || error.code === "CONFLICT") {
-      return { error: error.message };
+      return { error: sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(error.message) };
     }
   }
 
@@ -369,7 +406,7 @@ export function toAssistantProjectCreationError(
     }
 
     if (error.code === "BAD_REQUEST" || error.code === "UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT") {
-      return { error: error.message };
+      return { error: sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(error.message) };
     }
   }
 
@@ -612,7 +649,7 @@ export function toAssistantResourceCreationError(error: unknown): AssistantToolE
     }
 
     if (error.code === "BAD_REQUEST" || error.code === "UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT") {
-      return { error: error.message };
+      return { error: sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(error.message) };
     }
 
     if (error.code === "NOT_FOUND") {
@@ -770,7 +807,7 @@ export function toAssistantVacationCreationError(error: unknown): AssistantToolE
     }
 
     if (error.code === "BAD_REQUEST") {
-      return { error: error.message };
+      return { error: sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(error.message) };
     }
   }
 
@@ -1219,7 +1256,7 @@ export function toAssistantTaskActionError(error: unknown): AssistantToolErrorRe
     if (error.message === "Assignment is already CONFIRMED") {
       return { error: "Assignment is already confirmed." };
     }
-    return { error: error.message };
+    return { error: sanitizeAssistantErrorMessage(error.message) };
   }
 
   if (error instanceof TRPCError && error.code === "FORBIDDEN") {

packages/api/src/router/user-procedure-support.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { z } from "zod";
 import { findUniqueOrThrow } from "../db/helpers.js";
 import { makeAuditLogger } from "../lib/audit-helpers.js";
 import type { TRPCContext } from "../trpc.js";
+import { invalidateRoleDefaultsCache } from "../trpc.js";
 
 export const CreateUserInputSchema = z.object({
   email: z.string().email(),
@@ -205,6 +206,16 @@ export async function updateUserRole(
     select: { id: true, name: true, email: true, systemRole: true },
   });
 
+  // Force re-login: a role change (especially a demotion) must revoke
+  // currently-issued JWTs. Our JWT middleware checks the jti against
+  // ActiveSession on every tRPC call, so wiping these rows invalidates
+  // every outstanding session for this user on the next request.
+  if (before.systemRole !== updated.systemRole) {
+    await ctx.db.activeSession.deleteMany({ where: { userId: updated.id } });
+    // Also nuke the per-instance role-defaults cache (cross-node via pub/sub).
+    invalidateRoleDefaultsCache();
+  }
+
   audit({
     entityType: "User",
     entityId: updated.id,
@@ -385,6 +396,12 @@ export async function setUserPermissions(
     select: { id: true, name: true, email: true, permissionOverrides: true },
   });
 
+  // Permission overrides can remove access — force affected sessions to
+  // re-authenticate so the new override set is applied immediately rather
+  // than waiting for the TTL. Cross-node cache invalidation via pub/sub.
+  await ctx.db.activeSession.deleteMany({ where: { userId: input.userId } });
+  invalidateRoleDefaultsCache();
+
   audit({
     entityType: "User",
     entityId: input.userId,
@@ -422,6 +439,11 @@ export async function resetUserPermissions(
     select: { id: true, name: true, email: true, permissionOverrides: true },
   });
 
+  // Reset may remove privileges that were `granted` via override — force
+  // re-login so the regression applies on the next request.
+  await ctx.db.activeSession.deleteMany({ where: { userId: input.userId } });
+  invalidateRoleDefaultsCache();
+
   audit({
     entityType: "User",
     entityId: input.userId,

packages/api/src/router/user-self-service-procedure-support.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
 import { z } from "zod";
 import { findUniqueOrThrow } from "../db/helpers.js";
 import { createAuditEntry } from "../lib/audit.js";
+import { consumeTotpWindow } from "../lib/totp-consume.js";
 import { totpRateLimiter } from "../middleware/rate-limit.js";
 import type { TRPCContext } from "../trpc.js";
 
@@ -235,8 +236,10 @@ export async function verifyAndEnableTotp(
     throw new TRPCError({ code: "BAD_REQUEST", message: "Invalid TOTP token." });
   }
 
-  // Replay-attack prevention: reject if the same 30-second window was already used
+  // Atomic replay-guard: single UPDATE with WHERE-guard on lastTotpAt. See
-  if (user.lastTotpAt != null && Date.now() - user.lastTotpAt.getTime() < 30_000) {
+  // packages/api/src/lib/totp-consume.ts for rationale.
+  const accepted = await consumeTotpWindow(ctx.db, user.id);
+  if (!accepted) {
     throw new TRPCError({
       code: "BAD_REQUEST",
       message: "TOTP code already used. Wait for the next code.",
@@ -245,7 +248,7 @@ export async function verifyAndEnableTotp(
 
   await (ctx.db.user.update as Function)({
     where: { id: user.id },
-    data: { totpEnabled: true, lastTotpAt: new Date() },
+    data: { totpEnabled: true },
   });
 
   void createAuditEntry({
@@ -309,17 +312,12 @@ export async function verifyTotp(
     throw new TRPCError({ code: "UNAUTHORIZED", message: "Invalid TOTP token." });
   }
 
-  // Replay-attack prevention: reject if the same 30-second window was already used
+  // Atomic replay-guard — see packages/api/src/lib/totp-consume.ts.
-  if (user.lastTotpAt != null && Date.now() - user.lastTotpAt.getTime() < 30_000) {
+  const accepted = await consumeTotpWindow(ctx.db, user.id);
+  if (!accepted) {
     throw new TRPCError({ code: "UNAUTHORIZED", message: "Invalid TOTP token." });
   }
 
-  // Record successful TOTP use to prevent replay within the same window
-  await (ctx.db.user.update as Function)({
-    where: { id: user.id },
-    data: { lastTotpAt: new Date() },
-  });
-
   return { valid: true };
 }
 

packages/api/src/trpc.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { prisma, Prisma } from "@capakraken/db";
 import { resolvePermissions, PermissionKey, SystemRole } from "@capakraken/shared";
 import { initTRPC, TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
+import { Redis } from "ioredis";
 import { ZodError } from "zod";
+import { logger } from "./lib/logger.js";
 import { assertNoDevBypassInProduction, isE2eBypassActive } from "./lib/runtime-security.js";
 import { loggingMiddleware } from "./middleware/logging.js";
 import { apiRateLimiter } from "./middleware/rate-limit.js";
@@ -24,12 +26,87 @@ export interface TRPCContext {
   clientIp: string | null;
 }
 
-// Cache role defaults for 60 seconds to avoid DB hit on every request
+// Cache role defaults for 10 seconds. Short TTL is the fail-safe in case the
+// Redis pub/sub invalidation below is down — even without cross-node
+// invalidation the staleness window is bounded to 10 s for any revocation.
 let _roleDefaultsCache: Record<string, PermissionKey[]> | null = null;
 let _roleDefaultsCacheTime = 0;
-const ROLE_DEFAULTS_TTL = 60_000;
+const ROLE_DEFAULTS_TTL = 10_000;
+
+// ─── Cross-instance cache invalidation via Redis pub/sub ──────────────────────
+// Without this, `invalidateRoleDefaultsCache()` only clears the in-memory cache
+// on the node that invoked it. Other nodes keep serving stale permissions for
+// up to ROLE_DEFAULTS_TTL after a revocation, which is a real RBAC risk in
+// multi-instance deployments (admin demotion, permission-override removal).
+//
+// We publish a single invalidate message per change; every node subscribes and
+// clears its local cache on receipt. Failure to publish/subscribe is logged
+// but never thrown — the TTL above is the fall-back.
+const RBAC_INVALIDATE_CHANNEL = "capakraken:rbac-invalidate";
+
+let _rbacPublisher: Redis | null = null;
+let _rbacSubscriber: Redis | null = null;
+let _rbacSubscriberInitialized = false;
+
+function rbacRedisUrl(): string | null {
+  return process.env["REDIS_URL"] ?? null;
+}
+
+function getRbacPublisher(): Redis | null {
+  const url = rbacRedisUrl();
+  if (!url) return null;
+  if (!_rbacPublisher) {
+    try {
+      _rbacPublisher = new Redis(url, { lazyConnect: false, enableReadyCheck: false });
+      _rbacPublisher.on("error", (err: unknown) => {
+        logger.warn({ err, channel: RBAC_INVALIDATE_CHANNEL }, "RBAC Redis publisher error");
+      });
+    } catch (err) {
+      logger.warn(
+        { err },
+        "RBAC Redis publisher init failed; cache invalidation will be local-only",
+      );
+      _rbacPublisher = null;
+    }
+  }
+  return _rbacPublisher;
+}
+
+function ensureRbacSubscriber(): void {
+  if (_rbacSubscriberInitialized) return;
+  const url = rbacRedisUrl();
+  if (!url) return;
+  _rbacSubscriberInitialized = true;
+  try {
+    _rbacSubscriber = new Redis(url, { lazyConnect: false, enableReadyCheck: false });
+    _rbacSubscriber.on("error", (err: unknown) => {
+      logger.warn({ err, channel: RBAC_INVALIDATE_CHANNEL }, "RBAC Redis subscriber error");
+    });
+    void _rbacSubscriber.subscribe(RBAC_INVALIDATE_CHANNEL).catch((err: unknown) => {
+      logger.warn({ err, channel: RBAC_INVALIDATE_CHANNEL }, "RBAC Redis subscribe failed");
+    });
+    _rbacSubscriber.on("message", (_channel: string, _message: string) => {
+      // Any message on this channel means "someone mutated role/permission
+      // state — drop our local view now". Body is ignored; the next request
+      // re-reads from DB.
+      _roleDefaultsCache = null;
+      _roleDefaultsCacheTime = 0;
+    });
+  } catch (err) {
+    logger.warn(
+      { err },
+      "RBAC Redis subscriber init failed; cache invalidation will be local-only",
+    );
+  }
+}
 
 export async function loadRoleDefaults(): Promise<Record<string, PermissionKey[]>> {
+  // Lazy-init the peer-invalidation subscriber on first use. Doing this at
+  // first call (not module load) means test files that never touch RBAC never
+  // open a Redis connection, and env changes set up by specific tests are
+  // observed rather than snapshotted at import time.
+  ensureRbacSubscriber();
+
   const now = Date.now();
   if (_roleDefaultsCache && now - _roleDefaultsCacheTime < ROLE_DEFAULTS_TTL) {
     return _roleDefaultsCache;
@@ -46,10 +123,28 @@ export async function loadRoleDefaults(): Promise<Record<string, PermissionKey[]
   return map;
 }
 
-/** Invalidate the role defaults cache (call after updating SystemRoleConfig) */
+/**
+ * Invalidate the role defaults cache on every running instance.
+ *
+ * Clears the local cache immediately and publishes a Redis message so peer
+ * instances clear theirs too. If Redis is unavailable, only the local cache
+ * is cleared — the 10 s TTL caps staleness on other nodes.
+ *
+ * Call this after mutating SystemRoleConfig, User.systemRole, or
+ * User.permissionOverrides.
+ */
 export function invalidateRoleDefaultsCache(): void {
   _roleDefaultsCache = null;
   _roleDefaultsCacheTime = 0;
+
+  const pub = getRbacPublisher();
+  if (!pub) return;
+  void pub.publish(RBAC_INVALIDATE_CHANNEL, "1").catch((err: unknown) => {
+    logger.warn(
+      { err, channel: RBAC_INVALIDATE_CHANNEL },
+      "RBAC invalidation publish rejected — peer instances will rely on TTL",
+    );
+  });
 }
 
 export function createTRPCContext(opts: {

packages/engine/src/__tests__/blueprint-validator-redos.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { FieldType, type BlueprintFieldDefinition } from "@capakraken/shared";
+import {
+  isSuspectRegexPattern,
+  validateCustomFields,
+  MAX_PATTERN_LENGTH,
+  MAX_REGEX_INPUT_LENGTH,
+} from "../blueprint/validator.js";
+
+describe("blueprint validator — ReDoS hardening (#52)", () => {
+  describe("isSuspectRegexPattern", () => {
+    it("flags classic nested-quantifier shapes", () => {
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("(a+)+")).toBe(true);
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("(a*)*")).toBe(true);
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("(a+)*")).toBe(true);
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("(a*)+")).toBe(true);
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("(.+)*")).toBe(true);
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("(.*)+")).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it("flags grouped bounded-quantifier shapes", () => {
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("(a{2,})+")).toBe(true);
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("(a{2,5})*")).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it("flags the canonical ReDoS sample ^(a+)+$", () => {
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("^(a+)+$")).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it("flags non-capturing groups too", () => {
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("(?:a+)+")).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it("flags over-long patterns (DoS via compile cost)", () => {
+      const long = "a".repeat(MAX_PATTERN_LENGTH + 1);
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern(long)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it("allows common safe patterns", () => {
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("^[a-z]+$")).toBe(false);
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("^\\d{3}-\\d{4}$")).toBe(false);
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("[A-Z0-9_]+")).toBe(false);
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("^https?://")).toBe(false);
+      expect(isSuspectRegexPattern("^[^\\s@]+@[^\\s@]+\\.[^\\s@]+$")).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("validateCustomFields with ReDoS pattern", () => {
+    const fieldDefs: BlueprintFieldDefinition[] = [
+      {
+        id: "f1",
+        label: "Test Field",
+        key: "test",
+        type: FieldType.TEXT,
+        required: false,
+        order: 0,
+        validation: { pattern: "^(a+)+$" },
+      } as BlueprintFieldDefinition,
+    ];
+
+    it("rejects a suspect pattern immediately without running RegExp", () => {
+      // Craft the classic ReDoS input: many 'a's followed by a non-matching
+      // char. If the code ran RegExp.test unguarded, this would hang for
+      // seconds. Because the pattern is rejected at validation time, we
+      // get a fast failure.
+      const attackInput = "a".repeat(30) + "!";
+      const t0 = Date.now();
+      const errors = validateCustomFields(fieldDefs, { test: attackInput });
+      const elapsed = Date.now() - t0;
+      expect(errors).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(errors[0]?.key).toBe("test");
+      // Must complete in < 50 ms — well below the budget set by the
+      // ticket's acceptance criteria.
+      expect(elapsed).toBeLessThan(50);
+    });
+
+    it("still validates benign patterns correctly", () => {
+      const safeFieldDefs: BlueprintFieldDefinition[] = [
+        {
+          ...fieldDefs[0]!,
+          validation: { pattern: "^[a-z]+$" },
+        } as BlueprintFieldDefinition,
+      ];
+      expect(validateCustomFields(safeFieldDefs, { test: "hello" })).toEqual([]);
+      const errors = validateCustomFields(safeFieldDefs, { test: "HELLO" });
+      expect(errors).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it("caps input length before regex.test() (belt-and-suspenders)", () => {
+      // Even with a benign pattern, a 10 MB input would be slow to match.
+      // The validator slices to MAX_REGEX_INPUT_LENGTH first.
+      const safeFieldDefs: BlueprintFieldDefinition[] = [
+        {
+          ...fieldDefs[0]!,
+          validation: { pattern: "^[a-z]+$" },
+        } as BlueprintFieldDefinition,
+      ];
+      const huge = "a".repeat(MAX_REGEX_INPUT_LENGTH * 3);
+      const t0 = Date.now();
+      const errors = validateCustomFields(safeFieldDefs, { test: huge });
+      const elapsed = Date.now() - t0;
+      expect(errors).toEqual([]);
+      expect(elapsed).toBeLessThan(50);
+    });
+
+    it("handles syntactically-invalid patterns without throwing", () => {
+      const badFieldDefs: BlueprintFieldDefinition[] = [
+        {
+          ...fieldDefs[0]!,
+          validation: { pattern: "[unclosed" },
+        } as BlueprintFieldDefinition,
+      ];
+      const errors = validateCustomFields(badFieldDefs, { test: "any" });
+      expect(errors).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+  });
+});

packages/engine/src/blueprint/validator.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,35 @@ export interface CustomFieldValidationError {
   message: string;
 }
 
+// ReDoS hardening: the blueprint field `pattern` is admin-editable. A
+// catastrophic-backtracking pattern like `^(a+)+$` against a crafted input
+// can freeze the event loop for multiple seconds per request. We bound the
+// attack surface on both axes:
+//
+// 1. Pattern length capped at 200 chars (see blueprint.schema.ts too).
+// 2. Input length capped at 4096 chars before regex.test() — even a bad
+//    pattern on a short input completes in < 50 ms.
+// 3. A cheap heuristic rejects obvious nested-quantifier shapes at
+//    validation time so malicious patterns simply don't match.
+const MAX_PATTERN_LENGTH = 200;
+const MAX_REGEX_INPUT_LENGTH = 4_096;
+
+// Heuristic: reject grouped subexpressions that contain a quantifier AND
+// are themselves wrapped in an outer quantifier — that's the shape of
+// every classical ReDoS pattern ((a+)+, (a|a)*, (.*?)+ etc.). This
+// over-approximates: it may reject some benign patterns that happen to
+// look this way, which is acceptable for admin-side form validation.
+export function isSuspectRegexPattern(pattern: string): boolean {
+  if (pattern.length > MAX_PATTERN_LENGTH) return true;
+  // Match: open paren, any non-close-paren chars containing an unbounded
+  // quantifier (+, *, or {n,}), then close paren, then an outer quantifier
+  // (+, *, ?, or {).
+  const nestedQuantifier = /\([^)]*(?:[+*]|\{\d+,\d*\})[^)]*\)[+*?{]/;
+  return nestedQuantifier.test(pattern);
+}
+
+export { MAX_PATTERN_LENGTH, MAX_REGEX_INPUT_LENGTH };
+
 /**
  * Validates a `dynamicFields` record against an array of BlueprintFieldDefinitions.
  * Returns an array of errors (empty = valid).
@@ -35,10 +64,16 @@ export function validateCustomFields(
         if (validation) {
           const num = Number(value);
           if (validation.min !== undefined && num < validation.min) {
-            errors.push({ key: def.key, message: `${def.label} must be at least ${validation.min}` });
+            errors.push({
+              key: def.key,
+              message: `${def.label} must be at least ${validation.min}`,
+            });
           }
           if (validation.max !== undefined && num > validation.max) {
-            errors.push({ key: def.key, message: `${def.label} must be at most ${validation.max}` });
+            errors.push({
+              key: def.key,
+              message: `${def.label} must be at most ${validation.max}`,
+            });
           }
         }
         break;
@@ -65,7 +100,10 @@ export function validateCustomFields(
           const validSet = new Set(def.options.map((o) => o.value));
           const invalid = (value as string[]).filter((v) => !validSet.has(v));
           if (invalid.length > 0) {
-            errors.push({ key: def.key, message: `${def.label} contains invalid values: ${invalid.join(", ")}` });
+            errors.push({
+              key: def.key,
+              message: `${def.label} contains invalid values: ${invalid.join(", ")}`,
+            });
           }
         }
         break;
@@ -90,13 +128,46 @@ export function validateCustomFields(
         const v = def.validation;
         if (v) {
           if (v.minLength !== undefined && strVal.length < v.minLength) {
-            errors.push({ key: def.key, message: v.message ?? `${def.label} must be at least ${v.minLength} characters` });
+            errors.push({
+              key: def.key,
+              message: v.message ?? `${def.label} must be at least ${v.minLength} characters`,
+            });
           }
           if (v.maxLength !== undefined && strVal.length > v.maxLength) {
-            errors.push({ key: def.key, message: v.message ?? `${def.label} must be at most ${v.maxLength} characters` });
+            errors.push({
+              key: def.key,
+              message: v.message ?? `${def.label} must be at most ${v.maxLength} characters`,
+            });
           }
-          if (v.pattern !== undefined && !new RegExp(v.pattern).test(strVal)) {
+          if (v.pattern !== undefined) {
-            errors.push({ key: def.key, message: v.message ?? `${def.label} has an invalid format` });
+            // ReDoS defence: reject suspect patterns OUTRIGHT (counts as
+            // validation failure so the admin sees a clear error) and cap
+            // the input before regex.test() to bound runtime even if an
+            // unsafe pattern somehow slipped through save-time validation.
+            if (isSuspectRegexPattern(v.pattern)) {
+              errors.push({
+                key: def.key,
+                message: v.message ?? `${def.label} pattern rejected (unsafe)`,
+              });
+            } else {
+              const capped =
+                strVal.length > MAX_REGEX_INPUT_LENGTH
+                  ? strVal.slice(0, MAX_REGEX_INPUT_LENGTH)
+                  : strVal;
+              let matched = false;
+              try {
+                matched = new RegExp(v.pattern).test(capped);
+              } catch {
+                // Invalid regex syntax — treat as validation failure.
+                matched = false;
+              }
+              if (!matched) {
+                errors.push({
+                  key: def.key,
+                  message: v.message ?? `${def.label} has an invalid format`,
+                });
+              }
+            }
           }
         }
         break;
@@ -110,10 +181,20 @@ export function validateCustomFields(
           const v = def.validation;
           if (v) {
             if (v.min !== undefined && dateVal.getTime() < new Date(v.min).getTime()) {
-              errors.push({ key: def.key, message: v.message ?? `${def.label} must not be before ${new Date(v.min).toLocaleDateString()}` });
+              errors.push({
+                key: def.key,
+                message:
+                  v.message ??
+                  `${def.label} must not be before ${new Date(v.min).toLocaleDateString()}`,
+              });
             }
             if (v.max !== undefined && dateVal.getTime() > new Date(v.max).getTime()) {
-              errors.push({ key: def.key, message: v.message ?? `${def.label} must not be after ${new Date(v.max).toLocaleDateString()}` });
+              errors.push({
+                key: def.key,
+                message:
+                  v.message ??
+                  `${def.label} must not be after ${new Date(v.max).toLocaleDateString()}`,
+              });
             }
           }
         }

packages/shared/src/schemas/blueprint.schema.ts

@@ -30,19 +30,37 @@ export const FieldOptionSchema = z.object({
   color: z.string().optional(),
 });
 
+// ReDoS defence: patterns are admin-editable and get passed to `new RegExp`
+// at field-validation time. Cap the length and reject obviously-unsafe
+// shapes at save time. Same heuristic as
+// @capakraken/engine::isSuspectRegexPattern; kept in-sync to avoid a
+// shared→engine dep cycle.
+const RE_DOS_SAFE_PATTERN = /\([^)]*(?:[+*]|\{\d+,\d*\})[^)]*\)[+*?{]/;
+
 export const FieldValidationSchema = z.object({
   min: z.number().optional(),
   max: z.number().optional(),
   minLength: z.number().int().optional(),
   maxLength: z.number().int().optional(),
-  pattern: z.string().optional(),
+  pattern: z
-  message: z.string().optional(),
+    .string()
+    .max(200, "Pattern too long (max 200 chars) — ReDoS defence")
+    .refine(
+      (p) => !RE_DOS_SAFE_PATTERN.test(p),
+      "Pattern has nested quantifiers and could cause catastrophic backtracking",
+    )
+    .optional(),
+  message: z.string().max(500).optional(),
 });
 
 export const BlueprintFieldDefinitionSchema = z.object({
   id: z.string().min(1),
   label: z.string().min(1).max(200),
-  key: z.string().min(1).max(100).regex(/^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*$/, "Must be snake_case"),
+  key: z
+    .string()
+    .min(1)
+    .max(100)
+    .regex(/^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*$/, "Must be snake_case"),
   type: z.nativeEnum(FieldType),
   required: z.boolean().default(false),
   description: z.string().optional(),
@@ -60,12 +78,16 @@ export const CreateBlueprintSchema = z.object({
   description: z.string().optional(),
   fieldDefs: z.array(BlueprintFieldDefinitionSchema).default([]),
   defaults: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).default({}),
-  validationRules: z.array(z.object({
+  validationRules: z
-    field: z.string(),
+    .array(
-    rule: z.enum(["required_if", "unique", "min", "max"]),
+      z.object({
-    params: z.unknown().optional(),
+        field: z.string(),
-    message: z.string().optional(),
+        rule: z.enum(["required_if", "unique", "min", "max"]),
-  })).default([]),
+        params: z.unknown().optional(),
+        message: z.string().optional(),
+      }),
+    )
+    .default([]),
 });
 
 export const UpdateBlueprintSchema = CreateBlueprintSchema.partial();